英语短语 "so…as to" 是一个表示程度与结果的常用结构,核心含义是“如此……以至于……”,用于连接“程度描述”和“该程度引发的结果”。以下是详细解析:
结构:so + 形容词/副词 + as to + 动词原形
逻辑:通过“so + 程度词(adj./adv.)”强调程度之深,再用“as to + 动作”引出该程度导致的结果(或达到的状态)。
本质:用“不定式(to do)”替代“so that + 从句”,更简洁(尤其在正式语境中)。
此时“so…as to”强调“程度足够深,以至于产生某种结果”,不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语(即“结果的执行者是主语本身”)。
形容词 + as to:
She is so kind as to help strangers.
(她如此善良,以至于会帮助陌生人。)
副词 + as to:
He ran so fast as to catch the last bus.
(他跑得如此之快,以至于赶上了末班车。)
形容词 + 介词短语 + as to:
The box is so heavy for me as to be impossible to carry.
(这个箱子对我来说太重了,根本搬不动。)
通过“not to”引出“避免的结果”,表示“如此……以免/不会……”。
Please speak so slowly as not to be misunderstood.
(请说慢一点,以免被误解。)
He kept quiet so as not to disturb others.
(注意:此处“so as not to”是省略了程度词的简化,但核心逻辑一致——“保持安静”是为了“不打扰他人”。)
so as to:无中间的形容词/副词,直接接不定式,表目的(= in order to),强调“为了做某事”。
例:He woke up early so as to prepare breakfast.
(他早起是为了做早餐。)
so…as to:中间必须有形容词/副词,表结果,强调“程度导致的结果”。
例:He woke up so early as to catch the first train.
(他醒得如此之早,以至于赶上了第一班火车。)
so…as to:接不定式(to do),主语与不定式逻辑主语一致;
so that:接从句(主语可与主句不同),更口语化。
例:
He was so tired as to fall asleep immediately.(他太累了,立刻睡着了。)
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(同上,更口语。)
so:修饰形容词/副词(so + adj./adv.);
such:修饰名词(such + (a/an) + adj. + n.)。
例:
She is so brave as to face danger alone.(她如此勇敢,敢独自面对危险。)
She is such a brave girl as to face danger alone.(她是个如此勇敢的女孩,敢独自面对危险。)
正式性:“so…as to”更常用于书面语或正式语境,口语中更倾向用“so that”;
逻辑一致:不定式的动作必须能由主语发出(即逻辑主语=句子主语),否则需用“so that”从句;
否定句:否定形式“so…as not to”可表示“避免某事”,但需注意语气(比“don’t”更委婉)。