英语短语"run up"是一个多义的短语动词,核心含义围绕“快速进行/积累”,具体用法和意思需结合语境判断。以下是其最常见的含义及用法解析:
表示“因消费或支出而累积(未付的费用/债务)”,通常为及物动词,后接表示“债务、账单、费用”的名词(如debt, bill, expense)。
He ran up a $5,000 credit card bill during his vacation.(他度假期间积欠了5000美元的信用卡账单。)
Don’t run up too many expenses on my account.(别用我的账户花太多钱积欠费用。)
强调“快速完成”(通常是临时或简单的物品),及物动词,后接具体事物(如tent, fence, dress, banner)。
We can run up a temporary shelter in 30 minutes.(我们30分钟就能搭起一个临时庇护所。)
She ran up a new skirt for her daughter’s birthday party.(她为女儿的生日派对快速做了一条新裙子。)
可指数值“自然上涨”(不及物),或“人为抬高”(及物),常见于描述价格、成本、数值等。
The cost of gasoline has run up by 20% this year.(今年汽油价格上涨了20%。)
Some sellers try to run up the price of limited-edition items.(一些卖家试图抬高限量商品的价格。)
表示“朝…快速跑去”,为不及物动词+介词(to),后接目标对象(人或物)。
The little boy ran up to his mom and hugged her tight.(小男孩跑到妈妈身边,紧紧抱住她。)
She ran up to the door and knocked loudly.(她跑到门口,大声敲门。)
指跳远、跳高、投掷等项目中“为起跳/投掷做的快速助跑”,可作名词(run-up)或动词短语。
The long jumper took a 10-meter run-up before jumping.(跳远运动员起跳前做了10米的助跑。)
He needs to work on his run-up to improve his shot put distance.(他需要改进助跑以提高铅球投掷距离。)
表示“快速过一遍(台词、乐曲等)”,及物动词,后接需练习的内容(如music, lines, speech)。
She ran up the piano piece a few times before the concert.(音乐会前她快速练习了几遍那首钢琴曲。)
The actor ran up his lines one last time backstage.(演员在后台最后快速过了一遍台词。)
及物vs. 不及物:
积欠、快速制作、抬高价格、练习:及物(需接宾语,如run up a bill);
快速靠近、自然上涨:不及物(需加介词to或无宾语,如run up to sb/prices run up)。
易混淆短语:
run up against:表示“遇到(困难/阻碍)”(如We ran up against a lot of red tape,我们遇到了很多官僚手续),注意与run up区分。
"run up"的核心逻辑是“快速产生/接近”,具体含义需结合宾语或语境判断。掌握其常见搭配(如run up a bill/run up to sb)能帮助更准确使用。