"shake off" 可分为抽象意义(摆脱无形的事物)和物理意义(抖掉具体的附着物)两类,具体如下:
指通过努力脱离纠缠的人、负面情绪、坏习惯、压力、批评等无形的“负担”。
搭配:shake off + 人/抽象名词
例子:
She tried to shake off the feeling of loneliness after moving to a new city.(她搬到新城市后试图摆脱孤独感。)
The athlete managed to shake off his competitors in the final lap.(运动员在最后一圈成功甩掉了对手。)
Don’t let negative comments get to you—shake them off!(别在意负面评论,甩了它们!)
He’s been trying to shake off his addiction to social media.(他一直试图摆脱社交媒体成瘾。)
指通过摇晃身体移除附着在表面的具体东西(如雨水、灰尘、雪等)。
搭配:shake off + 具体名词
例子:
The dog shook off the water after swimming in the lake.(狗在湖里游泳后抖掉身上的水。)
She shook off the snow from her coat before entering the house.(她进屋前抖掉了外套上的雪。)
I shook off the dust from the old book before opening it.(我打开旧书前抖掉了上面的灰尘。)
口语中常用“shake off + 疾病”表示康复、摆脱病痛(强调“靠自身努力或免疫力恢复”)。
例子:
I’ve finally shaken off that terrible cold.(我终于摆脱了那场严重的感冒。)
It took her a week to shake off the flu.(她花了一周才摆脱流感。)
"shake off" 的时态变化遵循动词 "shake" 的规则:
现在时:shake off
过去时:shook off
过去分词:shaken off(用于完成时或被动,但被动较少见)
例子:
He shook off the hand that grabbed his arm.(他甩掉了抓他胳膊的手。)
I’ve shaken off all the stress from work.(我已经摆脱了工作的所有压力。)
1、 直接加宾语:"shake off" 是及物短语,后面直接接宾语(无需介词)。
✅ 正确:She shook off the fatigue.(她摆脱了疲劳。)
❌ 错误:She shook off from the fatigue.
2、 强调“主动动作”:相比更笼统的 "get rid of"(摆脱),"shake off" 更突出“通过动态动作或努力脱离”的感觉(比如“甩”“抖”的动作)。
shake off a pursuer:甩掉跟踪者
shake off a bad mood:摆脱坏心情
shake off criticism:不理会批评
shake off a habit:改掉习惯
shake off water/dust/snow:抖掉水/灰尘/雪
总结:"shake off" 是一个动态感强的短语,既可以处理“具体的附着物”,也能应对“抽象的纠缠”,关键是强调“主动摆脱”的动作或过程。