“wipe out”是一个多义性动词短语,核心含义围绕“彻底消除/破坏”或“使失去功能”,具体用法需结合语境判断。以下是其主要义项、用法及例句:
指用暴力、灾难等将物体(如建筑、城镇)完全破坏,不留痕迹。
搭配:常接表示“地点、建筑、设施”的宾语(如village, home, city)。
例句:
The earthquake wiped out almost half the town.(地震几乎摧毁了小镇的一半。)
A wildfire wiped out the entire forest in just three days.(一场野火仅用三天就烧光了整片森林。)
指让某个物种、群体或生命完全消失。
搭配:常接“物种、族群、敌人”等宾语(如species, population, enemy force)。
例句:
Overhunting wiped out the dodo bird in the 17th century.(过度捕猎导致渡渡鸟在17世纪灭绝。)
The pandemic wiped out a third of the island’s population.(这场疫情夺走了岛上三分之一人口的生命。)
可指“擦掉具体痕迹”(如污渍、字迹),或“消除抽象事物”(如记忆、债务、错误)。
搭配:宾语可以是“痕迹、记忆、债务、记录”等(如stain, memory, debt, mistake)。
例句:
She used a cloth to wipe out the coffee stain on the table.(她用布擦掉了桌上的咖啡渍。)
The accident wiped out all his memories of the past five years.(那场事故让他完全失去了过去五年的记忆。)
The government plans to wipe out all rural poverty by 2030.(政府计划在2030年前消除所有农村贫困。)
口语中常用,指在运动中因失控而摔倒(尤其指“狠狠地摔”)。
搭配:常与“on/while + 动作/场景”连用(如on a wave, while skateboarding)。
例句:
He wiped out on the first big wave and had to swim back to shore.(他在第一波大浪中翻倒,只好游回岸边。)
She wiped out while trying a new trick on her skateboard.(她在尝试滑板新动作时摔了个大跟头。)
指在比赛、竞争中以绝对优势战胜对手。
搭配:接“对手、队伍”等宾语(如opponent, team, rival)。
例句:
Our school’s basketball team wiped out the defending champions 89-50.(我们学校的篮球队以89-50的比分彻底击败了卫冕冠军。)
The candidate wiped out his rivals in the primary election.(这位候选人在初选中以绝对优势击败了对手。)
口语中表示“让某人或某物完全失去精力/能量”。
搭配:主语多为“累人的事”(如workout, hike, day),宾语为人或精力(如me, us, energy)。
例句:
The 10-mile hike wiped me out—I slept for 12 hours straight.(10英里的徒步让我精疲力尽——我一连睡了12个小时。)
The intense exam preparation wiped out all her energy.(高强度的备考耗尽了她所有精力。)
及物 vs 不及物:多数义项为及物(需接宾语),仅“摔倒”义项为不及物(不接宾语)。
被动语态:可用于“摧毁、灭绝、消除”等义项(如:Many historical sites were wiped out by war. 许多历史遗迹被战争摧毁。)。
口语化:“摔倒”“精疲力尽”是日常对话中最常用的引申义,需注意语境。
通过以上例子,你可以更灵活地在写作或口语中运用“wipe out”~