英语短语"up and down"是一个常用的副词或形容词短语,核心含义围绕“上下、来回、起伏”展开,具体用法需结合语境理解。以下是详细解析:
"up and down" 本质是方向或状态的对立统一,表示“从高处到低处,再回到高处”的循环,或“在两个极端之间波动”。
根据语境不同,"up and down" 可分为空间类、动作类、状态类、引申类四大类用法:
表示物体或人在垂直方向的来回运动,常修饰动词(如 jump、move、go 等)。
The toddler is jumping up and down on the sofa.(小 toddler 正在沙发上跳上跳下。)
The elevator goes up and down between the 1st and 10th floors.(电梯在1楼到10楼之间上下运行。)
引申为水平方向的往返(如踱步、来回走),强调“重复、无目的的移动”。
She paced up and down the room while waiting for the doctor.(她等医生时在房间里来回踱步。)
The dog ran up and down the garden chasing a butterfly.(狗在花园里来回跑着追蝴蝶。)
表示用眼睛从头部到脚部反复审视某人(常含“评估、好奇”的意味)。
He looked me up and down before saying I was too short for the job.(他上下打量我一番,然后说我个子太矮不适合这份工作。)
The shop assistant eyed the expensive coat up and down to check for damage.(店员上下检查那件昂贵的外套有没有破损。)
用于描述抽象事物的不稳定(如情绪、股价、成绩等在“好与坏”“高与低”之间变化)。
Her mood has been going up and down since she lost her job.(自从失业后,她的情绪一直起伏不定。)
The stock market has been up and down all week.(整个星期股市都涨涨跌跌。)
表示“在某个范围内全面搜索或覆盖”(相当于“everywhere”)。
We searched up and down the house for the lost keys.(我们把房子翻了个底朝天找丢失的钥匙。)
The news spread up and down the street within an hour.(消息一小时内传遍了整条街。)
当"up and down" 修饰名词时,需加连字符变为复合形容词,表示“起伏不定的、多变的”。
It's been an up-and-down year for our company—we had big profits in spring but lost money in winter.(对我们公司来说,今年是起伏不定的一年——春天盈利丰厚,冬天却亏损了。)
She has an up-and-down relationship with her brother.(她和哥哥的关系时好时坏。)
walk/pace up and down:来回走/踱步
look up and down:上下打量
go up and down:起伏;上下运行
up and down the line:全线;全体(如:The new rule affects everyone up and down the line. 新规定影响到所有人。)
up and down the coast/road:沿着海岸/公路来回(如:We drove up and down the coast looking for a beach. 我们沿着海岸开车找海滩。)
"up and down" 的核心是“循环往复的运动或状态”,无论是空间的上下、动作的来回,还是抽象的起伏,都围绕“从一个极端到另一个极端再返回”的逻辑。记忆时结合具体场景(如跳、走、看、情绪),更容易掌握~