“on top of”是一个多义英语短语,核心含义围绕“位置/状态的叠加”或“信息/事件的递进”,具体用法需结合语境判断。以下是最常见的5种含义及用法,附例句说明:
表示具体的空间位置,某物位于另一物的表面或顶端(强调“直接接触”的上层位置)。
例句:
Put the milk on top of the fridge.(把牛奶放在冰箱顶上。)
The bird is sitting on top of the roof.(那只鸟正站在屋顶上。)
She placed a blanket on top of the sleeping baby.(她在睡着的宝宝身上盖了条毯子。)
用于添加额外的信息/麻烦,强调“雪上加霜”或“更进一步”的逻辑。
例句:
I missed the bus, and on top of that, it started pouring rain.(我没赶上公交,更糟的是,还下起了倾盆大雨。)
We have to finish the report by Friday, and on top of that, we need to prepare for the meeting.(我们周五前得写完报告,此外还得准备会议。)
He’s already stressed about work—on top of his family problems.(他已经为工作压力很大了,再加上家庭问题。)
表示对某事/某领域有全面的了解或掌控能力,强调“胸有成竹”。
例句:
My manager is always on top of the latest industry trends.(我的经理总能紧跟行业最新趋势。)
She’s so organized—she’s always on top of her schedule.(她很有条理,从不会搞错自己的日程。)
To be a good teacher, you need to be on top of your subject.(要做个好老师,你得精通自己的学科。)
表示“把某事理顺、搞定”,常用于描述解决问题后的状态。
例句:
I’ve been working overtime all week to get on top of my workload.(我整周都在加班,终于搞定了工作量。)
After a chaotic month, I’m finally on top of my bills.(混乱了一个月后,我终于理清了账单。)
Can you help me get on top of these emails?(你能帮我处理完这些邮件吗?)
表示一个事件紧接着另一个事件发生,强调“连续、密集”。
例句:
On top of the heavy snow, we had a power outage last night.(昨晚刚下完大雪,又停电了。)
She lost her phone, and on top of that, she forgot her wallet.(她丢了手机,紧接着又忘了带钱包。)
表示“极度开心;欣喜若狂”(= extremely happy),是口语中常用的表达。
例句:
When I got the job offer, I felt on top of the world.(拿到工作offer时,我简直开心到飞起。)
Winning the game made the whole team feel on top of the world.(赢了比赛让全队都欣喜若狂。)
后接名词/代词(on top of + sth/sb);
语境决定含义:物理位置用具体名词,递进/掌控用抽象名词;
口语化程度高,比“in addition to”“be familiar with”更自然。
通过以上例句,你可以根据语境快速判断“on top of”的具体含义,灵活运用在口语或写作中~