在英语中,正确的完整结构是 "not only...but also..."(意为“不仅……而且……”),而 "not only...but..." 是其省略"also"的简化形式(语义不变,只是更简洁)。这个结构用于连接两个并列的成分,强调后者的补充或递进关系。
表示“不仅……(而且)……”,突出前后内容的递进——前半部分是基础信息,后半部分是更重要/更进一步的信息。
"not only...but (also)..." 可以连接句子中相同语法功能的成分,例如:
连接主语:
Not only my parents but also my sister supports my decision.
(不仅我父母,我姐姐也支持我的决定。)
注:主谓一致遵循“就近原则”——谓语动词与靠近它的主语(my sister)保持一致,所以用supports。
连接谓语:
She not only plays the piano but also writes her own music.
(她不仅会弹钢琴,还会自己作曲。)
连接宾语:
I bought not only a book but also a notebook for the class.
(我不仅买了一本书,还为这门课买了个笔记本。)
连接表语:
The movie is not only interesting but also educational.
(这部电影不仅有趣,还很有教育意义。)
连接状语:
He studies not only hard but also efficiently.
(他不仅学习努力,还很高效。)
当 "not only" 位于句首(修饰整个句子)时,not only后的句子需要部分倒装(将助动词/情态动词/be动词提前,实义动词位置不变),而 "but (also)" 后的句子保持正常语序。
例:Not only did he win the race, but he also broke the record.
(他不仅赢得了比赛,还打破了纪录。)
注:原句正常语序是"He not only won the race...",但"not only"提前后,助动词did要提到主语he前,win恢复原形。
Not only is she a great singer, but she’s also a talented actress.
(她不仅是个很棒的歌手,还是个有天赋的演员。)
1、 省略"also"的情况:口语或非正式语境中,"also"常被省略,形成 "not only...but...",但语义不变。例如:
He not only speaks English but French too.(他不仅会说英语,还会说法语。)
2、 避免重复:连接相同成分时,后面的成分可省略重复的部分。例如:
She not only likes reading but also writing.(= She not only likes reading but also likes writing.)
3、 就近原则:连接两个主语时,谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致(如前面“连接主语”的例子)。
"not only...but (also)..." 强调递进(“不仅……而且……”),而 "either...or..." 表示“要么……要么……”(选择),"neither...nor..." 表示“既不……也不……”(否定两者),需注意区分。
总结:"not only...but (also)..." 是表达递进关系的核心结构,关键在于连接并列成分+注意句首倒装规则。通过例子练习(如改写句子、造句)能更快掌握~