"economic recession" 是经济学术语,指整体经济活动显著放缓、产出持续下降的时期。
在经济学中,最常用的量化定义是:国内生产总值(GDP)连续两个季度(6个月)出现环比负增长(即GDP较上一季度减少)。此外,通常还伴随以下特征:
失业率上升;
消费、投资、企业利润下降;
工业生产收缩;
信贷活动放缓等。
作为可数名词短语(通常用 "an economic recession" 或 "economic recessions"),可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分,常见搭配如下:
例:
Economic recession often leads to higher unemployment and lower household income.
(经济衰退通常会导致失业率上升和家庭收入减少。)
Severe economic recessions can take years for a country to recover from.
(严重的经济衰退可能需要国家数年才能恢复。)
常见搭配动词:face(面临)、experience(经历)、combat(应对)、avoid(避免)、end(结束)、pull out of(走出) 等。
例:
The government is implementing policies to combat economic recession.
(政府正在实施政策应对经济衰退。)
Many businesses went bankrupt after experiencing an economic recession.
(许多企业在经历经济衰退后破产。)
It took the country two years to pull out of the economic recession.
(该国用了两年时间才走出经济衰退。)
例:
After the financial crisis, the global economy was in an economic recession for over a year.
(金融危机后,全球经济陷入衰退超过一年。)
例:
Economic recession fears have caused stock markets to drop sharply.
(对经济衰退的担忧导致股市大幅下跌。)
The company announced economic recession measures such as layoffs and budget cuts.
(公司宣布了裁员和削减预算等应对经济衰退的措施。)
Recession(衰退):程度较轻、持续时间较短(通常数月至两年),是经济周期中的“收缩阶段”;
Depression(萧条):程度更严重、持续更久(通常数年),伴随极端高失业、企业大规模倒闭(如1929-1933年的“大萧条”Great Depression)。
"economic recession" 是描述经济下行的核心术语,用法灵活,需结合上下文理解其具体指向(如“某国的衰退”“全球衰退”“严重/温和衰退”等)。