“be on duty”是英语中核心常用短语,主要表达“值班;值日;当班”的状态,强调某人正在执行特定时段/岗位的工作任务或职责。
表示“处于工作/值守状态”,通常对应以下场景:
学校里的“值日”(如打扫教室、擦黑板);
职场中的“值班”(如护士、保安、员工的轮班);
日常中“负责某任务”(如临时替岗)。
“be on duty”是“be动词+介词短语”的表语结构,核心是be动词的变化(根据主语和时态调整),以及搭配不同成分说明“值班的时间、地点、职责”。
必须带be动词(am/is/are/was/were/will be等),不能省略!
现在时:I am / You are / He/She is on duty.
过去时:I was / They were on duty yesterday.
将来时:She will be on duty tomorrow.
通过添加时间、地点、职责等成分,明确“值班的具体信息”:
接时间(说明时段):+ today/tonight/this week/the morning shift(早班)等
例:The doctor is on duty tonight.(医生今晚值班。)
We were on duty last weekend.(我们上周末值班。)
接地点(说明位置):+ at the gate/entrance/office等
例:The security guard is on duty at the entrance.(保安在入口处值班。)
接职责(说明任务):+ for the meeting/cleaning等
例:He is on duty for the meeting arrangements.(他负责会议的值班/筹备工作。)
学校值日:Who is on duty today?(今天谁值日?)
I’m on duty, so I need to clean the classroom.(我值日,得打扫教室。)
职场值班:The nurse is on duty from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m.(护士从早8点到晚4点值班。)
We take turns to be on duty at the office on weekends.(我们周末轮流在办公室值班。)
临时替岗:Can you be on duty for me tomorrow? I have an appointment.(你明天能替我值班吗?我有个约会。)
be off duty:下班;不当班(与“on duty”相反)
例:When are you off duty? I want to meet you.(你什么时候下班?我想找你。)
She is off duty now—call her later.(她现在下班了,稍后打给她。)
不能省略be动词:× He on duty today. → √ He is on duty today.
时态要对应:描述过去用was/were,未来用will be。
总结:“be on duty”是表达“值守状态”的万能短语,只要明确“谁(主语)+什么时候/在哪里/做什么(搭配)”,就能灵活使用!