“by doing”是英语中常用的方式状语结构,核心含义是“通过做……(的方式/手段)”,用来解释“如何达成某件事”。
“by”是介词,表“通过;借助”;“doing”是动名词(动词+ing),指代具体的动作。整体用来说明实现某个结果的方法、途径或手段。
用于说明“如何完成某件事”,常放在句末或句首(句首时需用逗号隔开)。
We learned to cook by watching YouTube videos.(我们通过看YouTube视频学做饭。)
By practicing every day, she became a great dancer.(通过每天练习,她成了优秀的舞者。)
He fixed the bike by using a wrench.(他用扳手修好了自行车。)
因为“How”询问“方式/方法”,“by doing”是最直接的回答方式。
Q: How do you improve your English?(你怎么提高英语?)
A: By reading English novels and talking to foreigners.(通过读英文小说和和外国人聊天。)Q: How did they get to the airport?(他们怎么去的机场?)
A: By taking the subway.(坐地铁去的。)表示“通过不做……(来达成某结果)”。
You can stay healthy by not eating too much sugar.(你可以通过少吃糖保持健康。)
She avoided trouble by not arguing with him.(她通过不和他争论避免了麻烦。)
“by doing”的逻辑主语(即“做这个动作的人/物”)必须与句子的主语一致,否则会出现逻辑错误。
❌ 错误:By reading the book, the answer was found.(读这本书的是“人”,但句子主语是“答案”,逻辑矛盾。)
✅ 正确:By reading the book, I found the answer.(我读了这本书,找到了答案。)
方式(by doing):说明“如何做”——I passed the exam by studying hard.(我通过努力学习通过了考试。)
目的(to do):说明“为什么做”——I studied hard to pass the exam.(我努力学习是为了通过考试。)
两者都表方式,但“by doing”更强调动作过程,“by + 名词”更强调工具/媒介:
By bike = By riding a bike(骑自行车)
By email = By sending an email(通过邮件)
lose weight by exercising(通过运动减肥)
make money by selling paintings(通过卖画赚钱)
relax by listening to music(通过听音乐放松)
solve the problem by asking for help(通过求助解决问题)
总结:“by doing”是方式状语的核心结构,只要记住它用来回答“如何做”,并保证逻辑主语一致,就能准确使用啦!