首先需要说明:“had sooner…than”是一个表示“偏好/选择”的英语短语,但日常使用中远不如“would sooner…than”或“would rather…than”常见(部分语境中可视为“would sooner”的变体,强调“更愿意、宁愿”)。
表达对两种行为/情况的优先选择,强调“前者比后者更愿意做(或更不愿做后者)”。
结构上遵循“主语 + had sooner + 动词原形 + than + 动词原形”,需注意平行结构(than前后均接动词原形)。
直接对比两个动作,选择前者、排斥后者:
I had sooner die than betray my friends.(我宁愿死也不愿背叛朋友。)
She had sooner stay home than go to the party alone.(她宁愿在家也不愿独自去派对。)
可在“had sooner”后加“not”,表示“宁愿不做某事”:
He had sooner not eat than take that terrible medicine.(他宁愿不吃东西也不愿吃那种难喝的药。)
“would sooner”更常用:现代英语中“would sooner…than”是主流表达,“had sooner”更偏向老式/正式语境(或部分方言),语义几乎一致。
例如:I would sooner walk than take the crowded bus.(= I had sooner walk than take the crowded bus. 我宁愿走路也不愿坐拥挤的公交。)
若“had sooner”后接从句(表示“宁愿某人做/不做某事”),从句需用过去式表虚拟(与“would rather”用法一致):
I had sooner you didn’t tell him the truth.(我宁愿你没告诉他真相。)
She had sooner we left early tomorrow.(她宁愿我们明天早点走。)
平行结构:than前后必须接相同结构(均为动词原形,或均为从句),避免语法错误。
口语中少用:日常交流更推荐“would sooner…than”或“would rather…than”,“had sooner”可能让表达显得生硬。
“had sooner…than”是一个偏正式/老式的偏好表达,核心是“宁愿A而不愿B”,用法与“would sooner”高度重合,但现代英语中使用频率较低。若需更自然的表达,优先选“would sooner…than”或“would rather…than”。