“judge by”是英语中常用的介词短语,核心含义是“根据……判断;以……为依据评判”,强调通过某种线索、标准或证据来对人或事物下结论。以下是详细解析:
“judge by”中的“by”引出判断的依据(如外貌、行为、结果等),而“judge”的对象是后面的结论(如某人的身份、某事的性质等)。
“judge by”的用法可分为主动语态、被动语态和独立结构三类:
结构:`主语 + judge + (宾语) + by + 依据(名词/代词/名词短语)`
宾语可省略(此时“judge”后接结论,“by”接依据)。
示例:
She judges people by their kindness, not their money.(她根据人的善良程度判断人,而非财富。)
I judge the restaurant by its hygiene (卫生) and service.(我根据卫生和服务判断这家餐厅。)
Can you judge his mood by his tone?(你能根据他的语气判断他的情绪吗?)
结构:`宾语 + be judged + by + 依据`
示例:
Employees are judged by their performance, not their seniority (资历).(员工的评判依据是绩效,而非资历。)
The competition winners will be judged by a panel of experts.(比赛优胜者将由专家小组评判。)
A book shouldn’t be judged by its cover.(不要以貌取人/不要凭封面判断一本书。)(经典谚语)
最常用的结构!“Judging by...”是现在分词短语作独立状语,表示“根据……来看/判断”,此时句子主语可以是任何人或物,“Judging by”不随主语变化(固定表达)。
示例:
Judging by the long line outside, the café must be good.(看外面排的长队,这家咖啡馆肯定不错。)
Judging by his smile, he was satisfied with the result.(从他的笑容判断,他对结果很满意。)
Judging by the dark clouds, it’s going to rain.(看乌云,要下雨了。)
1、 与“judge from”的区别:
两者几乎可以互换,细微差别在于:
“judge by”更强调“以…为标准/依据”(如规则、特征);
“judge from”更强调“从…中得出结论”(如观察、经验)。
例如:Judging by/from his accent, he’s from Australia.(根据口音判断,他来自澳大利亚。)
2、 “by”后接的成分:
“by”是介词,后面需接名词、代词或动名词(但动名词较少见,通常用名词短语代替)。
错误:Judging by he speaks(应为“Judging by the way he speaks”);
正确:Judging by the way he speaks, he’s a teacher.(从他说话的方式看,他是老师。)
3、 独立结构不用被动:
即使逻辑上是“被判断”,也不能用“Judged by...”,因为“Judging by...”已固定为状语结构。
错误:Judged by the mess, someone broke in.(应为“Judging by the mess...”)
Don’t judge a book by its cover.(谚语:不要以貌取人。)
Judging by her clothes, she’s probably a designer.(看她的衣服,她可能是设计师。)
The team’s success will be judged by how many goals they score.(团队的成功将以进球数评判。)
I can’t judge the situation by just one phone call.(我不能仅凭一个电话判断情况。)
总结:“judge by”的核心是“以…为依据下结论”,记住独立结构“Judging by...”和谚语“不要以貌取人”,就能快速掌握其用法!