"lose one's job" 是英语中表达“失业;失去工作;被解雇”的常用短语,强调“原本拥有的工作状态被终止”这一结果(不一定特指“被主动开除”,也可指公司倒闭、裁员等原因导致的失业)。
该短语的核心是"one's" 的替换——需根据主语(动作的承受者)换成对应的形容词性物主代词(my/his/her/our/their 等)或名词所有格(如 Tom's, the workers'),确保指代一致。
一般过去时(描述已发生的失业):
He lost his job last month because the company went bankrupt.
(他上个月失业了,因为公司破产了。)
一般现在时(客观事实或常态):
People often lose their jobs during an economic crisis.
(经济危机期间,人们常失业。)
现在进行时(强调正在发生的风险):
She's scared of losing her job if she disagrees with the boss.
(她害怕如果和老板意见不合,会丢工作。)
现在完成时(强调对现在的影响):
I have lost my job, so I need to start job-hunting soon.
(我已经失业了,所以得尽快开始找工作。)
risk losing one's job(冒失业风险):
He risked losing his job by refusing to work overtime.
(他拒绝加班,冒了失业的风险。)
avoid losing one's job(避免失业):
To avoid losing her job, she worked extra hard.
(为了避免失业,她工作格外努力。)
be afraid of losing one's job(害怕失业):
Many employees are afraid of losing their jobs in the new merger.
(在这次新合并中,很多员工害怕失业。)
当主语是复数(如 we/they/employees 等),"one's" 需换成 "their","job" 也需变为复数 "jobs":
They lost their jobs when the factory closed down.
(工厂倒闭时,他们失业了。)
lose one's job:最通用,强调“失业结果”,不细究原因;
be fired:强调“被解雇”(因犯错或表现差);
be laid off:强调“被裁员”(因公司原因,如经济不好、结构调整);
be out of work:更口语化,侧重“处于失业状态”。
总结:"lose one's job" 是表达“失业”的基础短语,关键是根据主语调整 "one's" 的形式,结合时态和搭配可灵活使用。