英语短语"in defiance of"的核心含义是“无视;违抗;不顾(规则、权威、警告等)”,强调故意对抗或拒绝服从某种既有的约束、期望或命令,带有明显的“挑战”或“蔑视”意味。
defiance(名词):意为“违抗;蔑视;挑战”(an open refusal to obey someone or something);
in defiance of:作为介词短语,整体表示“以违抗/无视…的方式”,突出主动对抗的态度(区别于单纯的“尽管”或“不顾”)。
该短语是介词性短语,后接名词、代词或名词性结构(如动名词需借助“the fact that”等转换为名词性成分),作状语修饰谓语动词,说明动作的“对抗对象”。
通过具体语境理解其用法:
1、 对抗规则/法规:
The students skipped class in defiance of the school rules.
(学生们无视校规,翘课了。)
The factory continued polluting the river in defiance of environmental laws.
(工厂违抗环保法,继续污染河流。)
2、 违抗权威/命令:
He left the house in defiance of his father’s strict orders.
(他不顾父亲的严格命令,离开了家。)
The protesters marched in defiance of the government’s ban.
(抗议者无视政府的禁令,继续游行。)
3、 无视警告/建议:
She went swimming in defiance of the lifeguard’s warnings.
(她无视救生员的警告,还是去游泳了。)
He invested all his savings in the risky stock in defiance of his friend’s advice.
(他不顾朋友的建议,把所有积蓄投进了高风险股票。)
需注意与其他“不顾”类短语的区别,"in defiance of"更强调“故意对抗”,而其他短语侧重“让步”或“忽略”:
despite / in spite of:仅表示“尽管”(让步关系),无“对抗”意味(如:Despite the rain, we went hiking. 尽管下雨,我们还是去徒步了——无对抗,只是克服困难);
in disregard of:意为“忽视;无视”,语气比"in defiance of"弱,侧重“不小心忽略”而非“故意对抗”;
defy(动词):与"in defiance of"同源,可替换使用(如:He defied his father’s orders. = He acted in defiance of his father’s orders.)。
语境通常为贬义(因对抗权威/规则),但偶尔也可用于中性语境(如对抗不合理的约束);
后接从句时,需借助“the fact that”转换为名词性结构(如:He quit his job in defiance of the fact that his family needed money. 他不顾家人需要钱的事实,辞掉了工作)。
综上,"in defiance of"是表达“故意违抗”的高频短语,核心是“主动挑战某种约束”,需结合具体语境判断其对抗对象。