表示“阻止/防止……做某事”,强调通过某种方式使某人/某物无法进行某个动作或发生某个结果。
基本结构为:
主语可以是人、物、情况等,直接发出“阻止”的动作。
人作主语:
The teacher prevented the students from cheating in the exam.
(老师阻止学生考试作弊。)
物/情况作主语:
The heavy rain prevented us from going out for a walk.
(大雨阻止了我们外出散步。)
Lack of money prevented him from starting his own business.
(缺钱使他无法创业。)
此时结构变为:宾语(被阻止者) + be prevented + from + 动名词,强调“被阻止”的状态。
Children are prevented from playing with fire for safety reasons.
(出于安全考虑,孩子们被阻止玩火。)
He was prevented from attending the meeting by a sudden illness.
(突发疾病使他无法参加会议。)
1、 from后的形式:from是介词,后面必须接动名词(doing),不能接不定式(to do)。
✖ 错误:prevent him from to go
✔ 正确:prevent him from going
2、 from的省略:
在主动句的非正式用法中,from可以省略(尤其在口语中),但被动句中不能省略。
非正式:The rain prevented us going out.
正式/被动:We were prevented from going out by the rain.(不能省from)
3、 与类似短语的区别:
stop…from doing sth.:与prevent用法几乎一致,from也可省略(主动句)。
The police stopped the thief from running away.(警察阻止小偷逃跑。)
keep…from doing sth.:强调“持续阻止”,from不能省略(若省略会变成“keep sb. doing”,意为“让某人一直做”,完全相反)。
✔ Keep the dog from biting people.(阻止狗咬人。)
✖ Keep the dog biting people.(让狗一直咬人。)
"prevent…from doing sth."是高频实用短语,核心是“阻止某人/物做某事”,需注意动名词的使用和from的省略规则,结合主动/被动句的场景灵活运用。