“in excess of”是一个正式的介词短语,核心含义为“超过;多于;超出”,相当于“more than”或“over”,但更常用于书面语、商务、法律、数据报告等正式语境中。
强调数量、程度或范围超越某一标准/ limit,可理解为“超过…的数量/程度”。
“in excess of”后接数词、名词或名词性从句,在句中主要作表语、定语或状语,修饰主语或名词。
结构:主语 + be动词 + in excess of + 宾语
例:
The company’s annual profit is in excess of $5 million.(公司的年利润超过500万美元。)
The temperature today will be in excess of 35°C.(今天的气温将超过35摄氏度。)
Her patience was in excess of mine.(她的耐心比我好/超过我。)
结构:名词 + in excess of + 宾语(常置于名词后,作后置定语)
例:
Any baggage in excess of 20kg will incur extra charges.(超过20公斤的行李需额外收费。)
Time in excess of 8 hours a day counts as overtime.(每天超过8小时的工作时间算加班。)
Expenses in excess of the budget will not be reimbursed.(超出预算的费用不予报销。)
结构:动词 + in excess of + 宾语
例:
He donated in excess of $10,000 to the earthquake relief fund.(他向地震救灾基金捐赠了超过1万美元。)
The project cost in excess of our initial estimate.(项目成本超出了我们最初的估算。)
1、 正式性:比“more than”更正式,避免在日常口语中过度使用(口语中更常用“more than”或“over”)。
例:口语→“We have more than 100 people coming.”;书面→“We have in excess of 100 attendees.”
2、 不可省略“in”:必须完整使用“in excess of”,不能简化为“excess of”(错误:The cost was excess of $100. 正确:The cost was in excess of $100.)。
3、 后接从句:可接名词性从句(如what引导的从句),表示“超出…的内容”。
例:The final cost was in excess of what we had budgeted.(最终成本超出了我们的预算。)
in excess of:正式,强调“超越标准/限额”,多用于书面。
more than:口语化,通用,可修饰数量、程度或形容词(如“more than happy”)。
over:简洁,口语/书面均可,侧重“数量上超过”(如“over 100 people”)。
数量:The stadium can hold in excess of 50,000 spectators.(体育场可容纳超过5万名观众。)
财务:The loan amount is in excess of the property’s value.(贷款金额超过了房产价值。)
规定:Driving at a speed in excess of 70 mph is illegal here.(在此处驾驶超过70英里/小时是违法的。)
总结:“in excess of”是表达“超过”的正式工具,适用于需要严谨性的场景,核心是“超越某一明确的数量或标准”。