结构:`hold + 某事(原因) + against + 某人(对象)`
sth. :通常是具体的行为、错误、过失或事件(如 mistake, lateness, failure, rudeness 等);
sb. :被责怪/怀恨的对象(可替换为 oneself 表示“自责”)。
1、 基础用法(责怪他人)
Don’t hold my lateness against me — I had a flat tire.(别因为我迟到而怪我——我轮胎瘪了。)
She still holds his rude comment against him after all these years.(这么多年过去了,她还记着他那句无礼的话,对他有意见。)
2、 否定形式(劝人不要记仇)
I know I messed up, but please don’t hold it against me .(我知道我搞砸了,但请别因为这个怪我。)
Don’t hold it against her — she didn’t mean to hurt you.(别怪她——她不是故意要伤害你的。)
3、 反身用法(自责)
He holds his failure against himself and can’t move on.(他因失败而自责,无法释怀。)
4、 被动形式
His past mistakes were held against him during the job interview.(面试时,他过去的错误被用来指责他。)
需注意,hold sth. against sth. 也可表示字面的“把某物靠在/贴在某物上”,但这是普通的动词+介词搭配,不是短语动词:
He held the ladder against the wall and climbed up.(他把梯子靠在墙上,爬了上去。)
Hold the picture against the wall to see if it fits.(把画靠在墙上看看是否合适。)
作为短语动词,`hold…against` 核心是“因事责人/记仇”;
关键结构:`hold sth. against sb./oneself`;
否定形式(Don’t hold…against…)常用于劝人宽宥。
通过以上例子,不难掌握其在日常语境中的使用~