它的反义短语是 "by accident/chance"(偶然地;意外地)。
"by design" 通常在句中作状语,修饰动词或整个句子,位置灵活:可置于句末(最常见)、句中,或句首(需用逗号隔开)。
1、 句末(最常用):
The broken vase wasn’t an accident—it was by design.
(这个打碎的花瓶不是意外——是故意的。)
He missed the meeting by design to avoid confrontation.
(他故意没去开会,以避免冲突。)
2、 句中:
She had, by design, left her phone at home to disconnect.
(她特意把手机留在家里,以便断开联系。)
The company’s new policy was, by design, unclear to confuse competitors.
(公司的新政策故意制定得模糊,用来迷惑竞争对手。)
3、 句首(强调“刻意性”):
By design, the museum’s entrance is hidden to encourage exploration.
(博物馆的入口特意设计得很隐蔽,以鼓励游客探索。)
By design, the app limits screen time for children.
(这款应用特意限制了儿童的屏幕使用时间。)
"by design" 可以和以下表达互换,含义一致:
on purpose(最口语化)
intentionally(更正式)
deliberately(强调“深思熟虑后的故意”)
例:He spilled coffee on my laptop on purpose / intentionally / deliberately = He spilled coffee on my laptop by design.
"by design" 是表达“故意为之”的正式/中性短语,适用于说明计划好的行为或结果,避免用过于口语的"on purpose"时,可用它提升表达的严谨性。