英语短语 "congratulate sb. on" 的核心含义是 "因某事向某人表示祝贺",是表达喜悦、认可他人成就或好事时的常用结构。
结构:`congratulate + 某人(sb.)+ on + 某事/做某事(sth./doing sth.)`
逻辑:"congratulate" 是及物动词(需接宾语,即被祝贺的人),"on" 引出祝贺的原因(成就、喜事或具体事件)。
"on" 后可接名词、代词或动名词(doing)(因介词后需跟名词性成分),常见场景包括:
I congratulated my friend on her birthday.(我祝贺朋友生日快乐。)
The manager congratulated Tom on his promotion.(经理祝贺汤姆晋升。)
We all congratulated them on their wedding.(我们都祝贺他们结婚。)
She congratulated me on passing the exam.(她祝贺我通过了考试。)
They congratulated him on winning the race.(他们祝贺他赢得比赛。)
I want to congratulate you on getting the job.(我想祝贺你得到这份工作。)
1、 不能省略"sb.":"congratulate" 是及物动词,必须接被祝贺的人(宾语),不能说 "I congratulated on his success"(需补全为 "I congratulated him on his success")。
2、 "on" 不可替换为"for"(通常):虽然偶尔会听到"congratulate sb. for",但标准用法是"on",因为"on"更强调"针对某件具体的事",而"for"更侧重"原因"(如"thank sb. for")。
3、 礼貌表达:若需代他人祝贺,可加"for me":
Please congratulate Lisa on her graduation for me.(请代我祝贺丽萨毕业。)
若用名词表达祝贺,结构为 "Congratulations to sb. on sth."(注意动词变名词后,介词仍用"on"):
Congratulations to you on your new baby!(祝贺你喜得贵子!)
Many congratulations to him on his achievement!(热烈祝贺他取得成就!)
综上,"congratulate sb. on" 是精准表达"因某事祝贺某人"的核心短语,适用于各种正式/非正式场景(如生日、毕业、升职、获奖等)。