“lay down”是一个常用的英语短语动词(phrasal verb),核心含义与“放置、设定”相关,但根据语境可引申出多个具体用法。以下是其主要含义、例句及用法说明:
“lay down”是及物动词短语(需接宾语),主语通常是人或有主动行为的事物,过去式/过去分词为“laid down”(注意与不及物动词“lie down”<躺下>区分,后者过去式是“lay”,过去分词是“lain”)。
指将手中或身上的物品放置在平面上。
例句:She laid down her book and stood up to answer the door.(她放下书,站起来去开门。)
The robber ordered the cashier to lay down the money.(劫匪命令收银员放下钱。)
Lay down your tools and take a break—you’ve been working all morning.(放下工具歇会儿——你已经干了一上午了。)
指权威方(如政府、机构、个人)确立并公布需遵守的规则或要求。
常用搭配:lay down rules/regulations/laws/guidelines 例句:The school has laid down strict rules about uniform.(学校制定了严格的校服规定。)
The new policy lays down minimum wages for part-time workers.(新政策规定了兼职员工的最低工资。)
Parents should lay down clear boundaries for their children.(父母应该为孩子设定明确的界限。)
指为某种目的(如国家、信仰、他人)主动放弃生命或重要利益。
常用搭配:lay down one’s life/health/career 例句:Thousands of soldiers laid down their lives in the war.(成千上万的士兵在战争中牺牲。)
He was willing to lay down his career to support his family.(他愿意放弃事业来支撑家庭。)
指自然过程中物质的堆积,或抽象事物(如经验、文化)的积累。
例句:Over time, the river laid down a thick layer of silt on its banks.(随着时间推移,河流在两岸沉积了一层厚厚的淤泥。)
Years of hard work have laid down a solid foundation for his success.(多年的努力为他的成功奠定了坚实基础。)
指不再继续使用某物或某能力(常隐含“永久或暂时放弃”)。
例句:After his injury, he had to lay down his guitar for months.(受伤后,他不得不几个月不弹吉他。)
She decided to lay down her role as team leader and focus on her studies.(她决定不再担任团队 leader,专注于学习。)
1、 及物性质:必须接宾语,宾语可放在“lay”和“down”之间(如“lay your book down”)或“down”之后(如“lay down your book”),两者均正确。
2、 易混淆点:
不要与“lie down”(躺下,不及物,无宾语)混淆:
✅ He lay down on the couch.(他躺在沙发上。)(lie down的过去式)
❌ He laid down on the couch.(错误,laid是lay的过去式,需接宾语)
不要与“lay off”(解雇、停止做)混淆:
✅ The company laid off 50 workers.(公司解雇了50名员工。)
“lay down”的核心是“主动放置/设定”,根据宾语的不同延伸出“放下物品、制定规则、牺牲生命、沉积积淀”等含义。记忆时可结合固定搭配(如lay down arms<放下武器>、lay down the law<发号施令>)和语境(如权威场景对应“制定规则”,生命场景对应“牺牲”),更易掌握。