"by comparison with" 是介词短语,后面必须接名词、代词、名词性从句或动名词(即相当于名词的成分),作比较的对象。
接名词/名词短语:
By comparison with the old apartment, the new one is much bigger.
(与旧公寓相比,新公寓大得多。)
接代词:
She is more hardworking by comparison with him.
(与他相比,她更勤奋。)
接名词性从句(如 what 从句):
By comparison with what he achieved, my success is nothing.
(与他取得的成就相比,我的成功不值一提。)
接动名词:
By comparison with studying alone, group study is more effective.
(与独自学习相比,小组学习更有效。)
句首:常后接逗号,引出比较对象,主句说明对比结果。
By comparison with last year, this year's sales have doubled.
(与去年相比,今年的销售额翻了一番。)
句中:直接插入主句,连接比较对象与主体。
The new model is more energy-efficient by comparison with the old one.
(这款新型号与旧款相比更节能。)
"by comparison with" 常与形容词/副词的比较级(more + 原级 / -er 结尾)搭配,突出两者的差异。
She is more outgoing by comparison with her sister.
(与姐姐相比,她更外向。)
The countryside is quieter by comparison with the city.
(与城市相比,乡村更安静。)
两者含义几乎相同,都表示"与……相比",可互换使用。细微区别:
"by comparison with" 更强调通过比较得出的结果;
"in comparison with" 更强调在比较的过程中。
但实际使用中差异可忽略,例如:
By/In comparison with the USA, China has a larger population.
(与美国相比,中国人口更多。)
"by comparison with" 必须接比较对象(后接名词性成分);
"by comparison" 是副词短语,意为"相比之下",不接对象,单独使用引出对比。
例:
Life in the city is busy. By comparison, life in the countryside is relaxed.
(城市生活很忙碌,相比之下,乡村生活很悠闲。)
两者都表示"与……相比",但 "compared with/to" 更口语化、更常用,而 "by comparison with" 更偏向书面语。
例:
Compared with her friends, she works harder. = By comparison with her friends, she works harder.
(与她的朋友相比,她工作更努力。)
1、 生活场景:By comparison with the hot summer, the winter here is mild.
(与炎热的夏天相比,这里的冬天很温和。)
2、 学习场景:By comparison with other students, she spends more time reading.
(与其他学生相比,她花更多时间阅读。)
3、 工作场景:By comparison with his colleagues, he has more experience in this field.
(与同事相比,他在这个领域更有经验。)
4、 物品对比:The price of this phone is high by comparison with similar models.
(与类似型号相比,这款手机价格很高。)
5、 预期对比:By comparison with what we expected, the result was disappointing.
(与我们的预期相比,结果令人失望。)
"by comparison with" 是正式的比较介词短语,核心功能是引出比较对象,后接名词性成分,常与比较级连用,强调差异。使用时注意与"by comparison"(无对象)、"compared with/to"(更口语)的区别,根据语境选择即可。