要理解"have right to",首先需要明确其标准表达应为 "have the/a right to"——因为"right"(权利)是可数名词,通常需要冠词或限定词修饰(口语中偶尔省略,但书面语需规范使用)。
表示"拥有做某事/获得某物的权利",强调法律、道德或规则赋予的权限(即"有资格/有权做某事")。
"have the/a right to" 后接两种成分:动词不定式(to do) 或 名词/代词(to sth.),分别对应"有权做某事"和"有权获得某物"。
结构:have the/a right to do sth.
表示"有权做某件具体的行为"。
例子:
I have the right to express my opinion freely.(我有权自由表达观点。)
Employees have the right to take paid leave.(员工有权享受带薪休假。)
You don’t have the right to interfere in my personal life.(你无权干涉我的私人生活。)
结构:have the/a right to sth.
表示"有权获得某样东西(或抽象权益)"。
例子:
Everyone has the right to education and healthcare.(人人有权获得教育和医疗。)
Tenants have the right to a safe living environment.(租户有权拥有安全的居住环境。)
She has a right to happiness like anyone else.(她和其他人一样有权追求幸福。)
冠词的选择:
"the right" 强调特定的、明确的权利(如法律规定的权利);
"a right" 强调抽象的、普遍的权利(如道德层面的权利)。
例:
The Constitution says citizens have the right to vote.(宪法规定公民有投票权——特定权利)
Every child has a right to be loved.(每个孩子都有被爱的权利——普遍权利)
否定与疑问形式:
否定:don’t/doesn’t have the right to...(无权做/获得)
例:He doesn’t have the right to fire you without notice.(他无权无通知解雇你。)
疑问:Do/Does + 主语 + have the right to...?
例:Do I have the right to ask for a copy of the contract?(我有权索要合同副本吗?)
have the right to know(有权知道)
have the right to choose(有权选择)
have the right to privacy(隐私权)
have the right to a fair trial(公平审判权)
"have the/a right to" 是表达"权利"的核心短语,需结合不定式(行为)或名词(事物)使用,且注意冠词的规范。日常对话或写作中,用"the"更正式、具体,用"a"更抽象、普遍。
最终简化记忆:有权做某事:have the right to do sth.
有权得某物:have the right to sth.