英语短语short of是一个常用的介词短语,核心含义围绕“未达到、缺乏”或“例外/极限”展开,具体用法可分为三大类,以下结合语境和例子详细说明:
表示“缺少某事物(物资、时间、人手等)”,通常与be short of搭配使用,后面接名词/代词。
例子:We’re short of cash this month—can we delay the bill?(这个月我们缺钱,能不能缓交账单?)
The hospital is short of nurses because of the flu outbreak.(因为流感爆发,医院护士人手不足。)
Don’t worry, we’re not short of food for the party.(别担心,派对的食物够吃。)
表示“不包括某情况”或“只有某情况才会…(否则不会)”,强调唯一的例外,后面接名词、动名词或从句。
例子:Short of quitting his job, he has no way to avoid the overtime.(除了辞职,他没法逃避加班。)
I’ll never forgive him, short of him apologizing in person.(除非他当面道歉,否则我永远不会原谅他。)
Short of moving to a bigger city, we can’t find a better school for our kid.(除非搬到大城市,否则我们找不到更好的学校给孩子。)
表示“差点做了某事,但最终没做”,常与stop short of或fall short of搭配:
stop short of doing sth.:“止于…;差点做某事(但克制住了)”
例:She stopped short of slapping him when he insulted her.(他侮辱她时,她差点扇他耳光,但忍住了。)
fall short of (doing) sth.:“未达到;险些做到(但差一点)”
例:The team fell short of winning the championship by one point.(球队以一分之差险些夺冠。)
例:His performance fell short of our expectations.(他的表现没达到我们的预期。)
1、 short of是介词短语,后面必须接名词、代词或动名词(不能接从句,除非用“short of the fact that…”这种结构,但不常见)。
2、 不要与short for混淆:short for表示“是…的缩写”(如“TV is short for television.” TV是television的缩写)。
搭配 | 含义 | 例子 |
---|---|---|
be short of sth. | 缺乏… | We’re short of time.(我们时间不够。) |
short of (doing) sth. | 除了…之外;除非 | Short of leaving, I have no choice.(除了离开,我别无选择。) |
stop short of doing sth. | 差点做某事(但没做) | He stopped short of lying to her.(他差点对她撒谎,但没说。) |
fall short of (doing) sth. | 未达到;险些做到 | The film fell short of being a masterpiece.(这部电影差点成为杰作。) |
通过以上例子和分类,应该能清晰掌握“short of”的不同用法啦!