作为不及物动词短语,compete against 需通过介词 against 连接宾语(人、物或抽象概念),结构为:
根据宾语的不同,常见使用场景包括:
1、 与人竞争(最常见)
宾语为“竞争对手”(个人或团体),强调“人与人/团队与团队”的对抗。
She will compete against three other singers in the final round.(她将在决赛中与另外三位歌手竞争。)
The two football teams have been competing against each other for the championship for years.(这两支足球队多年来一直为冠军头衔相互竞争。)
2、 与物/机构竞争
宾语为“非人类对象”(如公司、品牌、技术等),常见于商业、行业场景。
Our startup is competing against big tech companies for user attention.(我们的初创公司正在与大型科技公司争夺用户注意力。)
Local shops are struggling to compete against online retailers.(本地商店正努力与在线零售商竞争。)
3、 与抽象概念竞争
宾语为“抽象事物”(如时间、困难、规则等),强调“对抗无形的挑战”。
We had to compete against time to finish the project before the deadline.(我们必须与时间赛跑,在截止日期前完成项目。)
Patients with chronic illnesses often compete against fatigue and pain every day.(慢性病患者每天都要与疲劳和疼痛作斗争。)
1、 与 “compete with” 的区别
两者都可表示“与……竞争”,但 compete against 更强调“对抗性”(一方试图击败另一方),而 compete with 更侧重“共同参与竞争”(不一定对立)。例如:
I compete with my sister in school grades.(我和姐姐比学习成绩。)→ 侧重“一起比”;
I compete against my sister for the last piece of cake.(我和姐姐抢最后一块蛋糕。)→ 侧重“对抗争夺”。
2、 宾语的必要性
由于 against 是介词,compete against 后必须接宾语,否则句子不完整。例如:
错误:He loves competing against.(缺少宾语)
正确:He loves competing against his friends in basketball.(他喜欢和朋友比篮球。)