“by intention”是一个副词短语,核心含义为“故意地;有意地;出于本意地”,用于说明动作或状态是“有计划、有目的发生的”,而非偶然或无心之举。
“by intention”强调行为的“意图性”,即主语主动选择做某事(或保持某种状态),带有明确的目的或计划。它与“on purpose”“deliberately”“intentionally”等短语/词同义,但更偏向正式语体(常见于书面语、学术文本或正式对话)。
作为副词短语,“by intention”主要用于修饰动词、形容词或整个句子,位置灵活(可置于句首、句中或句尾)。以下是具体用法和例句:
直接放在动词后或句尾,说明动作的“意图性”。
He broke the vase by intention to get his mother’s attention.(他故意打碎花瓶以引起妈妈的注意。)
She didn’t answer the phone by intention—she just didn’t want to talk.(她没接电话是故意的——她只是不想说话。)
用于描述“沉默、缺席、未完成”等状态是主动选择的结果。
The author left the ending open by intention to let readers imagine.(作者有意让结局开放,留给读者想象空间。)
His silence was by intention, not because he had nothing to say.(他的沉默是有意的,不是因为无话可说。)
用逗号隔开,突出“故意”这一逻辑重点。
By intention, I arrived early to help set up the party.(我特意早到帮忙布置派对。)
By intention, she kept her personal life away from social media.(她有意将个人生活与社交媒体隔绝。)
常与“not”连用,强调“不是故意的”。
I didn’t spill the coffee by intention—it was an accident.(我不是故意把咖啡打翻的——那是意外。)
The mistake was not made by intention; it was a result of carelessness.(这个错误不是故意犯的,是粗心导致的。)
用“It is/was + by intention + that...”结构,突出动作的意图性。
It was by intention that he missed the meeting—he disagreed with the agenda.(他故意错过会议——因为他不认同议程。)
需注意与“with the intention of”的区别:
“by intention”是副词短语,直接修饰动作/状态(= intentionally);
“with the intention of”是介词短语,后接动名词(doing),表示“带着做某事的意图”(= for the purpose of)。
例句对比:He came here by intention.(他是特意来这儿的。)——强调“来”这个动作是故意的;
He came here with the intention of asking for a raise.(他来这儿是为了要求加薪。)——强调“来”的目的是“加薪”。
同义词:deliberately(故意地)、intentionally(有意地)、on purpose(故意,口语化)、by design(蓄意,正式);
反义词:by accident(偶然地)、accidentally(意外地)、unintentionally(无心地)。
“by intention”是正式的“故意”表达,适用于需要强调“意图性”的场景(如学术写作、正式沟通)。使用时只需记住:它是“副词短语”,修饰动作或状态,说明“主动、有计划”。