“take…by surprise”是一个常用的英语短语,核心含义围绕“意外性”展开,主要有两大用法,以下是详细解析:
该短语有两个核心义项,均强调“打破预期、出其不意”:
1、 使(某人)大吃一惊;出乎(某人)意料(日常场景最常用)
2、 出其不意地攻击/攻占/捕获(多用于军事、策略或突发行动)
`take + 宾语(sb./sth.) + by surprise`
宾语可以是人(表“使某人吃惊”),也可以是地点/组织(表“突袭某地”);
主语通常是突发的事件、行为或动作(如`visit, arrival, news, attack`等),即“导致意外的因素”。
强调“事情来得突然,让人毫无准备”,宾语多为人。
His sudden appearance took me by surprise.(他的突然出现让我大吃一惊。)
The birthday present took her by surprise—she’d totally forgotten her birthday.(这份生日礼物让她意外——她完全忘了自己的生日。)
I was taken by surprise when he announced he was moving abroad.(他说要出国时,我被惊到了。)(被动语态:`be taken by surprise`)
强调“趁对方无防备时行动”,宾语多为地点/目标。
The army took the enemy’s fortress by surprise at dawn.(军队黎明时分出其不意地攻占了敌人的堡垒。)
Thieves took the convenience store by surprise while the clerk was asleep.(店员熟睡时,小偷突袭了便利店。)
1、 与“take by storm”的区别:
“take by storm”表示“风靡;迅速征服”(侧重“影响力大”),如:`The movie took the box office by storm.`(这部电影横扫票房。)
“take…by surprise”侧重“意外性”,无“征服”含义。
2、 近义词替换:
可与`catch sb. off guard`(使某人措手不及)换用,但`take…by surprise`更强调“事件的突然性”,而`catch off guard`侧重“对方没有防备”。
“take…by surprise”的核心是“用意外打破预期”——要么让人大吃一惊,要么趁虚而入。掌握其结构(`take + 宾语 + by surprise`)和场景(日常/突袭),就能灵活运用啦!