“be immune from”是一个常用英语短语,核心含义是“免受……的影响/伤害;对……免疫;不受……的约束/惩罚”,强调“不会被某事物(通常是负面的、具体的或法律层面的)影响或伤害”。
“immune” 本身是形容词,意为“有免疫力的;不受影响的;豁免的”;
“from” 引出“被免除的对象”(通常是具体的伤害、惩罚、疾病或负面影响)。
该短语后接名词、代词或动名词(因“from”是介词),常见搭配场景包括:
指身体对某种疾病或病原体具有抵抗力。
Vaccinated people are immune from the new strain of the virus.(接种疫苗的人对这种新病毒株有免疫力。)
Some individuals are naturally immune from chickenpox.(有些人天生对水痘免疫。)
常用于“豁免权”语境(如外交官、官员的法律豁免)。
Diplomats are immune from criminal prosecution in the host country.(外交官在驻在国享有刑事起诉豁免权。)
The witness was granted immunity, so she is immune from being charged.(证人获得了豁免,因此不会被起诉。)
指避免物理或抽象的伤害。
Wearing sunscreen helps you stay immune from sunburn.(涂防晒霜能让你免受晒伤。)
The reinforced walls are immune from flood damage.(加固后的墙壁不会受洪水破坏。)
指对批评、压力、偏见等抽象负面因素“免疫”(此时可与“be immune to”通用,但“from”更强调“避免具体的影响”)。
She’s been in the industry for years, so she’s immune from harsh criticism.(她在行业里待了多年,因此不受尖锐批评的影响。)
Children from stable families are often immune from the negative effects of poverty.(来自稳定家庭的孩子通常不受贫困的负面影响。)
两者都表示“对……免疫”,但侧重不同:
be immune from:更强调“免除具体的伤害/惩罚”(如疾病、起诉、物理伤害);
be immune to:更强调“不受抽象事物的影响”(如诱惑、批评、情感冲击)。
He’s immune to flattery(不受奉承影响),但 immune from prosecution(免予起诉)。
“from”是介词,后面接动词时需用动名词(doing):
✅ He wore a mask to be immune from being infected(免受感染)。
❌ He wore a mask to be immune from infect.
总结:“be immune from”是表达“免受某具体负面事物影响”的核心短语,常用于疾病、法律、伤害等场景,搭配灵活,需注意介词后的成分形式。