英语短语 "afford to" 核心含义是 "有能力做某事;负担得起做某事",强调主语具备完成某动作的经济条件、时间/精力,或能承受该动作的后果。
"afford to" 后需接动词原形,形成固定搭配:
(注:"can/could" 用来表示"能力",否定形式"can't/couldn't afford to"更常用,强调"无能力负担"。)
根据"负担"的维度不同,可分为三类:
表示有足够的钱做某事(买、支付、体验等)。
I can't afford to buy a new iPhone this year.(我今年买不起新iPhone。)
We can afford to go on a trip to Japan next month.(我们下个月能负担得起去日本旅行。)
Many families can't afford to send their kids to private schools.(很多家庭负担不起孩子上私立学校的费用。)
表示有足够的时间或精力去做某事(不"浪费"或"消耗"不起)。
She's too busy—she can't afford to waste time on small talk.(她太忙了,没时间闲聊。)
I'm exhausted; I can't afford to work overtime tonight.(我累坏了,今晚没法加班。)
If you want to pass the exam, you can afford to spend more time studying.(如果你想通过考试,得花更多时间学习。)
表示某动作的后果(风险、损失、影响)在可承受范围内(或不可承受)。
You can't afford to be late for the job interview.(你面试不能迟到——后果你负担不起。)
He's rich enough to afford to lose some money in the stock market.(他很有钱,亏点股票钱也无所谓。)
We can't afford to make a mistake in this project—it's too important.(这个项目我们犯不起错,太重要了。)
表示"能承受某种状态",常见搭配如:
I can't afford to be careless with my health.(我不能对健康掉以轻心。)
She can afford to be generous—she's got plenty of money.(她能慷慨得起,因为她很有钱。)
"afford" 本身可直接接名词(表示"买得起某物"),如:I can't afford a new car.(我买不起新车。)
而"afford to + 动词原形"更强调动作("有能力做买的动作"),如:I can't afford to buy a new car.(我没能力买新车。)
否定形式"can't afford to"是高频表达,远多于肯定形式。
总结:"afford to" 本质是"对某动作的'成本'(钱、时间、后果)有承担能力",核心是"能力+负担"的结合。