该短语是医学/公共卫生领域的正式术语,中文译为:性传播疾病(常缩写为 STD,更常见的口语/书面简化形式)。
"sexually-transmitted disease" 指通过性接触(包括阴道性交、肛交、口交等)传播的传染性疾病,病原体可包括细菌、病毒、寄生虫等。其传播的关键途径是性活动中的体液交换(如精液、阴道分泌物、血液等),部分也可能通过母婴传播或间接接触污染物品(较少见)。
作为可数名词短语(复数形式为 sexually-transmitted diseases),主要在正式语境(医学文献、健康科普、公共卫生宣传)中使用,日常对话更常用缩写 STD。
作主语:
Sexually-transmitted diseases remain a major public health challenge worldwide.
(性传播疾病仍是全球主要的公共卫生挑战。)
作宾语:
Many clinics offer free testing for sexually-transmitted diseases.
(许多诊所提供免费的性传播疾病检测。)
作定语(修饰名词):
She attended a sexually-transmitted disease awareness workshop.
(她参加了一个性传播疾病认知工作坊。)
动词+短语:
contract/get a sexually-transmitted disease(感染性传播疾病)
He was worried he might have contracted a sexually-transmitted disease after unprotected sex.
(无保护性行为后,他担心自己可能感染了性传播疾病。)
prevent/treat a sexually-transmitted disease(预防性/治疗性传播疾病)
Using condoms correctly can help prevent sexually-transmitted diseases.
(正确使用安全套有助于预防性传播疾病。)
diagnose sb. with a sexually-transmitted disease(诊断某人患性传播疾病)
The doctor diagnosed her with a common sexually-transmitted disease.
(医生诊断她患了一种常见的性传播疾病。)
介词+短语:
She was embarrassed to talk about issues related to sexually-transmitted diseases.
(她不好意思谈论与性传播疾病相关的问题。)
性传播疾病的典型代表包括:
HIV/AIDS(艾滋病)
Gonorrhea(淋病)
Syphilis(梅毒)
Chlamydia(衣原体感染)
Genital herpes(生殖器疱疹)
Human papillomavirus (HPV)(人乳头瘤病毒,可引发宫颈癌等)
缩写 STD 更常用(尤其日常对话),如:STD testing(性病检测)、STD prevention(性病预防)。
该短语是中性、专业的表述,避免使用带有污名化的词汇(如“花柳病”等),符合现代健康沟通的伦理。
总之,"sexually-transmitted disease" 是描述性传播疾病的标准术语,核心是强调“通过性接触传播”的特性,用法上以正式语境为主,缩写STD更普及。