“refer…to…”是一个核心含义为“将某人/某物送交、提交或指引至另一人/物”的及物动词短语,强调“转移/指向”的动作,通常涉及双宾语(“refer + 宾语1 + to + 宾语2”)。以下是具体义项、用法及示例:
把某人/某事交给更权威、专业的人或机构来处理。
The teacher referred the bullying case to the school counselor.(老师把霸凌事件提交给学校辅导员处理。)
If the problem persists, we’ll refer it to the manager.(如果问题持续,我们会把它提交给经理。)
将某事物的来源、作者或时间归到某个人/时期。
Scholars refer this poem to the Tang Dynasty.(学者们认为这首诗创作于唐朝。)
The invention of the steam engine is often referred to James Watt.(蒸汽机的发明常被归到詹姆斯·瓦特名下。)
指示某人去查阅某资料、咨询某人或前往某地获取信息/帮助。
The doctor referred me to a heart specialist.(医生让我去看心脏专科医生。)
The textbook refers readers to the appendix for more data.(课本让读者参考附录获取更多数据。)
基本结构:`refer + 宾语1(被送交/指引的人/物) + to + 宾语2(接收方/参考对象)`
被动语态:宾语1作主语时,结构为`be referred to`(如:The case was referred to the high court. 案件被提交高等法院。)
“refer to”是单宾语短语(或不及物),核心含义是“提及、参考、指的是”,不涉及“转移/指引”动作:
例1(提及):He referred to his childhood in the speech.(他在演讲中提到了童年。)
例2(参考):Please refer to the map for directions.(请参考地图找方向。)
例3(指的是):The term “AI” refers to artificial intelligence.(“AI”一词指的是人工智能。)
refer a patient to a hospital(把病人转介到医院)
refer a question to an expert(向专家请教问题)
refer a dispute to arbitration(将争议提交仲裁)
refer students to a dictionary(让学生查字典)
总结:“refer…to…”的关键是“将A交给/指向B”,而“refer to”是“关于/参考A”,二者逻辑不同,需根据语境区分。