"go out of business"是一个常用的英语短语,核心含义是“停业;倒闭;歇业”,特指企业、商店或商业机构因无法继续盈利、经营困难或外部压力而永久性停止运营。
强调“因客观原因(如竞争、经济不景气、亏损等)导致的商业活动终止”,通常隐含“无法再继续经营”的无奈或必然性。
1、 主语:通常是商业实体(企业、商店、公司、工厂等),如:a restaurant(餐厅)、a small business(小生意)、the local bakery(当地面包店)。
2、 时态:根据语境使用不同时态:
过去时:描述已经发生的倒闭(went out of business);
现在时/将来时:描述当前或未来的状态(go/will go out of business);
现在完成时:强调对现在的影响(has/have gone out of business)。
3、 常见搭配:
表示原因:后接`due to`/`because of`/`as a result of`(因...而倒闭);
表示状态:`be on the verge of going out of business`(濒临倒闭);
表示迫使:`force sb. to go out of business`(迫使某人倒闭)。
4、 注意事项:
该短语是不及物动词短语,不能用于被动语态(不能说"The shop was gone out of business")。
过去时:The old cinema went out of business last month—no one was going to see movies there anymore.(那家老电影院上个月倒闭了——没人再去那里看电影了。)
将来时:If we don’t cut costs soon, our café will go out of business by the end of the year.(如果我们不尽快削减成本,我们的咖啡馆年底前会倒闭。)
现在完成时:Many small retailers have gone out of business since the big supermarket opened nearby.(自从附近开了大超市,很多小零售商都歇业了。)
表原因:The bookstore went out of business due to rising rent and falling sales.(这家书店因租金上涨和销量下降而倒闭。)
表濒临状态:The family-owned hardware store is on the verge of going out of business after 50 years.(这家经营了50年的家族五金店正濒临倒闭。)
close down:更通用,可指“暂时关闭”或“永久性倒闭”(如:The school closed down for summer. 学校暑假停课;The factory closed down permanently. 工厂永久关闭);
go under:口语化,同“go out of business”(如:The startup went under after six months. 这家初创公司六个月后倒闭了)。
综上,"go out of business"是描述商业实体永久性终止运营的标准表达,重点突出“经营失败”的结果。