“so…that”是英语中引导结果状语从句的常用结构,核心含义是“如此……以至于……”,用于强调前者的程度之深,导致了后者的结果。
“so”修饰形容词/副词/数量词,表示“到如此程度”;“that”引导结果从句,说明“因此产生的结果”。
根据“so”后接的成分不同,分为以下几类:
修饰形容词(描述主语的状态):
He is so tall that he can reach the top shelf.(他个子如此高,以至于能碰到顶层架子。)
The movie was so boring that I fell asleep halfway.(电影如此无聊,以至于我中途睡着了。)
修饰副词(描述动作的程度):
She runs so fast that no one can catch up with her.(她跑得如此快,以至于没人能追上她。)
He speaks so quietly that I can’t hear him.(他说话如此轻,以至于我听不见。)
注意:形容词要置于a/an之前(与“such…that”的区别:such + a/an + 形容词 + 名词)。
It’s so interesting a book that I want to read it again.(这本书如此有趣,以至于我想再读一遍。)
She is so kind a person that everyone likes her.(她是如此善良的人,以至于大家都喜欢她。)
“many/few”修饰可数名词复数,表示“多/少”:
There are so many people in the park that we can’t find a seat.(公园里人如此多,以至于我们找不到座位。)
We have so few eggs left that we can’t make cake.(剩下的鸡蛋如此少,以至于我们做不了蛋糕。)
“much/little”修饰不可数名词,表示“多/少”(注意:little此处指“数量少”,而非“尺寸小”):
He has so much homework that he can’t go out.(他作业如此多,以至于不能出去。)
There is so little water in the bottle that I’m still thirsty.(瓶子里水如此少,以至于我还渴。)
当“so + 形容词/副词”置于句首时,主句需要部分倒装(助动词/情态动词提前),以加强语气:
So fast does she run that no one can catch up with her.(她跑得如此快,以至于没人能追上她。)
So beautiful is the flower that everyone wants to take a photo.(这朵花如此美,以至于每个人都想拍照。)
1、 that的省略:口语中,that常可省略(尤其当从句较短时):
He’s so tired (that) he can’t stand up.(他如此累,以至于站不起来。)
2、 与“such…that”的区别:
“so”修饰形容词/副词/数量词;“such”修饰名词或名词短语。
so interesting a book = such an interesting book(如此有趣的书);so many people = such a lot of people(如此多人)。
“so…that”的核心是“程度→结果”,关键是根据“so”后接的成分选择正确结构。通过以上分类和例子,能更清晰地掌握其用法~