该短语是及物动词短语,结构为:
谓语动词:`congratulate`(祝贺)
间接宾语:`sb.`(被祝贺的人,如你、他、朋友等)
介词`on`引出祝贺的原因/事件(`sth.`可以是名词、代词或动名词短语)
1、 接名词/代词(直接说明祝贺的事件):
I want to congratulate you on your birthday!(我想祝你生日快乐!)
They congratulated him on his new job yesterday.(他们昨天祝贺他找到了新工作。)
She called to congratulate me on the good news.(她打电话来祝贺我这个好消息。)
2、 接动名词(doing sth.)(说明因“做了某事”而祝贺):
We all congratulated her on passing the exam.(我们都祝贺她通过了考试。)
He congratulated me on winning the competition.(他祝贺我赢得了比赛。)
介词固定用`on`:不能替换为`for`或`about`(错误:congratulate you for your success;正确:congratulate you on your success)。
宾语顺序:必须先接“人”(sb.),再用`on`接“事”(sth.),不能颠倒(错误:congratulate your graduation me;正确:congratulate me on your graduation?不,正确逻辑是“祝贺我毕业”→ congratulate me on my graduation)。
与`celebrate`的区别:`congratulate`是“向某人道贺”(侧重对人的祝贺),`celebrate`是“庆祝某事”(侧重对事件的庆祝)。例如:
I congratulate you on your wedding.(我祝贺你结婚。)
We will celebrate your wedding with a party.(我们会办派对庆祝你的婚礼。)
"congratulate sb. on sth." 是表达“祝贺”的标准句式,关键是明确“祝贺谁”(sb.)和“因什么事祝贺”(sth./doing sth.),记住介词`on`的固定搭配即可灵活使用~