“refer to sb. as”是一个常用的动词短语，核心含义是“把某人称为/称作……”，强调对某人的称呼、归类或定性（通常带有一定的描述性或正式性）。
表达“用某个名称、头衔或描述来指代某人”，重点在“称呼的方式”而非“直接叫名字”（更正式，区别于口语化的“call sb. sth.”）。
关键成分：
1、 `refer to`：核心动词短语，意为“提及；指代”；
2、 `sb.`：被称呼的对象（宾语）；
3、 `as`：介词，引出“称呼的内容”（可以是名词、名词短语或形容词，作宾语补足语）。
The students refer to their math teacher as "Mr. Math Wizard" (学生们把数学老师称为“数学巫师先生”)。
People often refer to Confucius as "the greatest sage of China" (人们常把孔子称为“中国最伟大的圣人”)。
The company refers to its new product line as "the future of tech" (公司把新产品线称为“科技的未来”)。
Her friends refer to her as kind and reliable (她的朋友称她为“善良且可靠的人”)。
Critics refer to the movie as thought-provoking (评论家称这部电影“发人深省”)。
过去式：`referred to sb. as`
Yesterday, the reporter referred to the athlete as a "rising star" (昨天，记者把那位运动员称为“冉冉升起的新星”)。
现在完成时：`have/has referred to sb. as`
She has always referred to her father as her "life mentor" (她一直把父亲称为“人生导师”)。
结构：`Sb. + be + referred to + as + ...`
The famous scientist is often referred to as the "father of modern physics" (这位著名科学家常被称为“现代物理学之父”)。
This traditional festival is referred to as "the Spring Festival" in China (这个传统节日在中国被称为“春节”)。
否定：`don’t/doesn’t/didn’t refer to sb. as`
Don’t refer to her as that rude nickname! (别用那个粗鲁的绰号称呼她！)
疑问：`Do/Does/Did + 主语 + refer to sb. as...?`
Do you refer to your grandmother as "Nana" or "Granny"? (你称呼奶奶为“娜娜”还是“奶奶”？)
1、 正式性：`refer to sb. as` 比口语化的 `call sb. sth.` 更正式，常用于书面语、正式场合或强调“归类/定性”（如学术文章、新闻报道）。
口语：We call him Tom. (我们叫他汤姆。)
正式：We refer to him as Mr. Smith in business meetings. (商务会议中我们称他为史密斯先生。)
2、 逻辑一致性：`as` 后的内容需符合对“某人”的合理描述（比喻或字面均可，但需逻辑通顺）。
合理：He refers to his bike as "his best friend" (他把自行车称为“最好的朋友”，比喻)。
不合理：Don’t refer to a cat as a dog (别把猫称为狗，逻辑矛盾)。
“refer to sb. as”是“称呼/定性某人”的正式表达，核心是“用某个名称/描述指代某人”，结构清晰，适用于多种语境（书面、正式、日常）。通过例子可以快速掌握其用法，重点关注`as`后的补足语类型（名词/形容词）和时态变化。