"be in debt to" 是一个状态型短语,主要有两层含义:
1、 字面义:欠(某人/机构)的钱;负债于…(强调“处于欠债的状态”)
2、 引申义:受(某人)的恩惠;对…感激不尽(用“欠债”类比“人情债”,是更常见的口语/书面用法)
"be in debt to" 后接人或机构(即“债权人”或“恩惠给予者”),若要补充“欠债/受惠的具体内容”,可加介词 `for` 引出。
结构总结:
欠金钱:`be in debt to + 人/机构 (+ for + 金额)`
欠人情:`be in debt to + 人 (+ for + 恩惠内容)`
He is in debt to the bank for $50,000 after buying his house.
(他买房后欠银行5万美元。)
Many small businesses were in debt to their suppliers during the pandemic.
(疫情期间,许多小企业欠供应商的钱。)
I am forever in debt to my teacher for encouraging me to pursue writing.
(我永远感激我的老师,是他鼓励我从事写作。)
She feels deeply in debt to her neighbors for helping her when she was sick.
(她深深感激邻居们在她生病时伸出援手。)
状态 vs 动作:"be in debt to" 强调“处于欠债/感恩的状态”,而 "owe sb. sth." 更强调“具体的欠债动作”(如:I owe the bank $50k = I am in debt to the bank for $50k)。
介词搭配:"to" 后必须接对象(人/机构),不能直接接钱或物;若要说明“因什么而欠债/感激”,用 "for" 连接具体内容。
"be in debt to" 是表达“负债”或“感恩”的常用短语,核心是“与某人/机构有未偿还的‘债’(金钱或人情)”,结合上下文可判断具体是“金钱债”还是“人情债”。