英语短语"run down"是一个多义的动词短语,核心含义围绕“逐渐减少/消耗”“负面影响”或“追踪查找”展开,具体意思需结合语境判断。以下是其主要用法及示例:
指因过度劳累、压力等导致体力或精力逐渐耗尽,常见于描述人或事物的“衰竭状态”。
用法:及物(run sb/sth down)或不及物(sth runs down)。
示例:
Working 12 hours a day for a month has run me down completely.(连续一个月每天工作12小时,我彻底累垮了。)
My stamina has run down since I stopped exercising.(自从停止锻炼,我的耐力越来越差。)
指故意负面评价他人或事物,强调“诋毁、贬低”的动作。
用法:及物(run sb/sth down),后接被批评的对象。
示例:
Why do you always run down your sister's cooking? It's actually good!(你为什么总贬低你姐姐的厨艺?其实挺好吃的!)
He's always running down his former employer to make himself look better.(他总说前雇主的坏话,以此抬高自己。)
指通过撞击使对象倒下或翻倒,常见于交通事故或意外场景。
用法:及物(run sb/sth down),后接被撞击的对象。
示例:
A cyclist was run down by a car at the crosswalk.(一名骑自行车的人在人行横道被车撞倒了。)
Be careful not to run down the flower pots on the sidewalk.(小心别撞翻人行道上的花盆。)
指数量或储量逐渐减少直至耗尽,可用于描述食物、电池、资金等。
用法:及物(run down sth)或不及物(sth runs down)。
示例:
We need to restock—our coffee supply is running down.(我们得补货了——咖啡快喝完了。)
The battery in my phone ran down because I forgot to charge it.(我手机电池没电了,因为忘了充电。)
指通过努力找到或定位难以寻找的人或物,强调“追踪、查寻”的过程。
用法:及物(run down sb/sth),后接查找的目标。
示例:
After weeks of searching, the police finally ran down the missing child.(经过几周搜索,警方终于找到了失踪的孩子。)
Can you run down that old photo I mentioned? It's in the attic somewhere.(你能帮我找到我说的那张旧照片吗?它在阁楼的某个地方。)
指快速过一遍清单、议程等,强调“简洁、概括”的讲解。
用法:及物(run down sth),后接浏览的内容。
示例:
Let me run down the agenda for tomorrow's meeting so you're prepared.(我快速过一遍明天的会议议程,让你有准备。)
She ran down the list of requirements for the job interview.(她扼要说明了 job 面试的要求。)
1、 及物 vs 不及物:
及物:后接宾语(如 run sb down“贬低/撞倒某人”、run down a list“浏览清单”);
不及物:主语为“消耗的对象”(如 My energy is running down“我精力在耗尽”)。
2、 常见搭配:
run sb down(贬低/撞倒某人);
run down sth(耗尽/查找某物);
run down a list/agenda(快速浏览清单/议程)。
run down vs run out:
两者都有“耗尽”之意,但 run down 强调“逐渐减少”(如电池慢慢没电),run out 强调“完全用完”(如牛奶喝光了)。
My phone battery is running down(电池在耗电)→ My phone battery has run out(电池彻底没电了)。
通过以上场景和例子,你可以根据语境灵活判断“run down”的具体含义~