表示“阻止/防止某人做某事”,强调通过某种方式(主动干预、客观阻碍等)成功制止某人实施某个动作或行为。
主语(可以是人或物,即“阻止者/阻碍因素”) + prevent + 宾语(sb.,被阻止的人) + from + 动名词(doing sth.,被阻止的动作)。
人作为主语(主动干预):
The teacher prevented the students from cheating in the exam.
(老师阻止学生考试作弊。)
Parents should prevent their kids from playing with fire.
(父母应该阻止孩子玩火。)
物/客观因素作为主语(客观阻碍):
The heavy rain prevented us from going on a picnic.
(大雨阻止了我们去野餐。)
A fence was built to prevent the cattle from escaping.
(建了一道围栏防止牛逃跑。)
当“被阻止的人”作为句子主语时,用被动结构:sb. be prevented from doing sth.
We were prevented from entering the building by security.
(保安阻止我们进入大楼。)
The patient is prevented from eating solid food after surgery.
(术后病人被禁止吃固体食物。)
from后必须跟动名词:不能用不定式(to do),如错误表达:The rain prevented us to go out.(正确:from going)。
可省略from的情况:在口语或非正式语境中,prevent/stop sb. (from) doing sth. 中的from可省略,但keep sb. from doing sth. 中的from不能省(因为keep sb. doing是“让某人一直做”,from是关键区分词)。
例:The guard stopped/prevented him (from) leaving.(警卫阻止他离开。)
stop sb. from doing sth.:与prevent同义,可省from,侧重“直接制止”。
keep sb. from doing sth.:不可省from,强调“持续阻止”(不让动作发生)。
discourage sb. from doing sth.:侧重“劝阻”(不一定成功阻止),而prevent是“成功阻止”。
"prevent sb. from doing sth."是表达“成功阻止行为”的常用短语,结构固定,需注意动名词的使用,适用于主动/被动、人和物作主语的场景。通过具体例子(如“阻止作弊”“防止生病”“阻碍出行”)能更直观掌握其用法。