“resistant to”是一个常用的英语短语,核心含义是“对……有抵抗力/耐受力;抗……;拒绝接受/抵制……”,用来描述人、物或生物对某种外界因素(如物质、环境、影响、观念等)的“抵抗性”或“耐受性”。
resistant:形容词,意为“抵抗的;耐……的;抵制的”(来自动词“resist”,表示“抵抗;拒绝”);
to:介词,引出“被抵抗的对象”(即“对什么有抵抗力/抵制什么”)。
“resistant to”通常与be动词搭配(be resistant to),后接名词、代词或动名词(因为“to”是介词),主要用于以下三类场景:
表示材料、物品等对“磨损、水、热、腐蚀”等外界条件有耐受性。
This jacket is resistant to wind and rain.(这件夹克防风防雨。)
The new coating makes the metal resistant to rust.(新涂层让金属防锈。)
The fabric is resistant to stains—you don’t have to worry about spills.(这种织物耐污——不用担心洒漏。)
常见于生物、医学语境,指细菌、病毒、植物或动物对“药物、疾病、干旱”等的抗性。
Some bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics due to overuse.(由于过度使用,有些细菌已对抗生素产生抗药性。)
These plants are resistant to drought and can grow in dry areas.(这些植物耐旱,能在干旱地区生长。)
The virus has mutated into a strain resistant to the vaccine.(病毒已变异为对疫苗有抗性的毒株。)
表示人对“变革、建议、压力”等的心理抵触。
Many older people are resistant to new technology (e.g., smartphones).(很多老年人抵制新技术,比如智能手机。)
He’s resistant to changing his mind—once he decides something, he sticks to it.(他拒绝改变主意——一旦做了决定就坚持到底。)
She’s resistant to peer pressure and doesn’t follow trends blindly.(她抵制同辈压力,不盲目跟风。)
“resistant to”中的to是介词,因此后面必须接名词、代词或动名词(doing),不能接动词原形。
❌ 错误:He is resistant to change his job.(应为“changing his job”或“job changes”)
✅ 正确:He is resistant to changing his job. / He is resistant to job changes.
由“resistant to”衍生出很多复合形容词,直接作定语修饰名词:
water-resistant(防水的)= resistant to water
heat-resistant(耐热的)= resistant to heat
drug-resistant(抗药的)= resistant to drugs
wear-resistant(耐磨的)= resistant to wear
“resistant to”的反义词是“susceptible to”(易受……影响的;对……敏感的),对比:
This material is resistant to fire.(这种材料防火。)
That material is susceptible to fire.(那种材料易燃。)
“resistant to”的核心是“对X有抵抗力/不接受X”,根据对象不同可用于“物质特性、生物抗性、人的态度”三大场景,关键要注意介词“to”后接名词或动名词。