英语短语"make up"是一个多义动词短语,在不同语境中有不同含义,以下是其核心用法及示例:
表示“由...组成”(整体→部分)或“组成...(部分→整体)”。
结构1:整体 + be made up of + 部分(被动语态,强调“由...构成”)
例:Our school is made up of 30 classes.(我们学校由30个班级组成。)
例:The cake is made up of flour, eggs, and sugar.(蛋糕由面粉、鸡蛋和糖制成。)
结构2:部分 + make up + 整体(主动语态,强调“组成整体”)
例:Women make up 50% of the company's staff.(女性占公司员工的50%。)
例:Different colors make up a beautiful painting.(不同颜色构成一幅美丽的画。)
指“凭空捏造”,相当于invent/fabricate。
结构:make up + 名词(直接加宾语)
例:Don't make up excuses for being late.(别为迟到编造借口。)
例:He made up a funny story to cheer me up.(他编了个有趣的故事让我开心。)
指“用化妆品修饰面部/身体”,可接反身代词(make up oneself)或省略。
结构:make up (oneself)
例:She spends an hour making up every morning.(她每天早上花一小时化妆。)
例:The actress made herself up as an old woman.(女演员把自己装扮成老妇人。)
注意:名词形式是makeup(化妆品),如:She buys a lot of makeup every month.(她每月买很多化妆品。)
强调“填补缺失”,需搭配介词for。
结构:make up for + 名词
例:I need to make up for the lost time by working overtime.(我需要加班弥补失去的时间。)
例:He gave me a gift to make up for his rudeness.(他送我礼物弥补他的无礼。)
指“结束争吵,恢复关系”,常搭配介词with(后跟对象)。
结构:make up with + sb
例:Mary and Jane made up with each other after the fight.(玛丽和简吵架后和好了。)
例:Why don't you make up with your brother?(你为什么不和你弟弟和解?)
指“整理床铺,使其适合睡觉”。
结构:make up + 床
例:Please make up the guest bed before our friends arrive.(朋友来之前请整理好客床。)
例:She always makes up her bed after getting up.(她起床后总是整理床铺。)
结构:make up one's mind (to do sth)
例:I've made up my mind to study abroad next year.(我已决定明年出国留学。)
例:Have you made up your mind yet?(你还没拿定主意吗?)
含义 | 搭配/结构 | 示例 |
---|---|---|
组成 | be made up of / make up | The team is made up of 5 players. |
编造 | make up + 借口/故事 | He made up a lie to avoid punishment. |
化妆 | make up (oneself) | She made up for the party. |
弥补 | make up for + 损失/时间 | I'll make up for the mistake. |
和解 | make up with + sb | They made up with each other. |
铺床 | make up + 床 | Make up the bed, please. |
下决心 | make up one's mind (to do) | I made up my mind to quit smoking. |
介词不可省略:如“弥补”需加for,“和解”需加with,否则意思会偏差(如make up the loss 是“编造损失”,而make up for the loss 才是“弥补损失”)。
主动vs被动:“组成”的两种结构(整体被动/部分主动)需区分,避免混淆。
通过以上分类和示例,可清晰掌握“make up”的多重用法~