英语短语"have got to"是"必须、不得不"的意思,强调客观需求、外部压力或不得不做的事,是口语中常用的表达(比更正式的"have to"更贴近日常对话)。
表示“因规则、情况、责任等原因,不得不做某事”,和"have to"几乎同义,但更口语化。
主语为I/You/We/They(第一、二人称单复数;第三人称复数):用have got to
主语为He/She/It(第三人称单数):用has got to
结构:主语 + have/has got to + 动词原形
例:
I have got to leave now—my train is in 10 minutes.(我得走了,火车还有10分钟开。)
She has got to pass the exam to get into college.(她必须通过考试才能上大学。)
结构:主语 + haven't/hasn't got to + 动词原形(= don't/doesn't have to,“不需要、不必”)
例:
You haven't got to cook dinner tonight—I'll order takeout.(你今晚不用做饭,我点外卖。)
He hasn't got to work on Saturdays.(他周六不用上班。)
结构:Have/Has + 主语 + got to + 动词原形?(= Do/Does + 主语 + have to...?,“必须……吗?”)
例:
Have you got to attend the meeting tomorrow?(你明天必须参加会议吗?)
Has she got to finish this report today?(她今天必须完成这份报告吗?)
现在时:用have/has got to(最常用)
过去时:用had got to(= had to,“过去不得不”)
例:I had got to finish the project before the deadline last week.(我上周截止前必须完成项目。)
意思几乎相同,但have got to更口语(日常对话常用),have to更正式(书面或正式场合)。
否定/疑问形式不同:
否定:haven't got to = don't have to
疑问:Have you got to...? = Do you have to...?
have got to:强调客观原因(比如规则、时间、他人要求);
must:强调主观义务(比如个人决定、道德/逻辑需要)。
例:
I have got to go—my mom is waiting for me.(客观:妈妈在等,不得不走。)
I must study harder—my grades are bad.(主观:自己觉得需要更努力。)
"have got to"是口语化的“必须”,用于表达客观上不得不做的事,变化规则简单,适合日常交流。记住它的否定(haven't/hasn't got to)和疑问(Have/Has...got to?)形式,就能灵活使用啦!