英语短语"be subject to"是一个常用表达,核心含义围绕“受……影响/约束/支配;取决于……;须经……”,具体意思需结合语境理解。以下是详细解析:
"be subject to"中的to是介词,后接名词、代词或动名词(表示“遭受/经历”时常用动名词)。常见用法可分为4类:
表示“必须遵守某规定/法律”,强调“被支配”的状态。
All employees are subject to the company's dress code.(所有员工必须遵守公司的着装规定。)
Foreigners living in China are subject to Chinese law.(在中国居住的外国人须遵守中国法律。)
表示“容易遇到或承受负面情况”。
Coastal areas are subject to typhoons in summer.(沿海地区夏季易受台风袭击。)
You are subject to a fine if you break the speed limit.(超速会被罚款。)
Candidates are subject to being rejected if they fail the interview.(候选人若面试失败可能被拒绝。)
表示“结果由某条件决定”,强调不确定性。
The outdoor concert is subject to weather conditions.(户外音乐会是否举行取决于天气。)
Our travel plans are subject to change.(我们的旅行计划可能变动。)
表示“某事物需经过某个程序或他人同意才能生效”。
The new policy is subject to government approval.(新政策须经政府批准。)
All products are subject to quality inspection before sale.(所有产品在售前须经质量检验。)
be subject to change:可能变化(常用提醒不确定性)
例:The schedule is subject to change without notice.(日程可能随时变动,不另行通知。)
be subject to tax:应纳税
例:Income above this threshold is subject to income tax.(超过这个起征点的收入需缴纳所得税。)
be subject to scrutiny:受审查
例:The politician's past actions are subject to public scrutiny.(这位政客的过往行为受到公众审视。)
注意与主动结构"subject sb. to sth."区分:
"subject sb. to sth."表示“使某人遭受/经历(通常是不愉快的事)”,是及物动词用法。
例:The boss subjected his staff to long working hours.(老板让员工长时间工作。)
例:Don't subject the child to loud noise.(别让孩子接触 loud noise。)
"be subject to"本质是描述“被动/状态性的依赖或影响”,关键看后面接的内容:
接“规则/法律”→ 受约束;
接“负面事物”→ 易遭受;
接“条件”→ 取决于;
接“程序/批准”→ 须经。
通过具体语境理解会更清晰,建议结合例句多练习哦!