“be about to do”是英语中表达“即将发生动作”的核心结构,强调动作在极短时间内(几乎立刻)发生,常带有“紧迫感”或“突然性”。以下是具体解析:
“be about to do” = 即将做某事 / 正要做某事
动作发生的时间点非常接近当前时刻(如“下一秒”“马上”),无主观计划的意味,多描述“自然触发”或“意外打断”的即时场景。
“be about to do”的核心是be动词 + about to + 动词原形,时态随be动词变化:
1、 现在时(表示“现在即将做”):
am/is/are about to do
例:
I am about to finish my coffee.(我正要喝完咖啡。)
The bus is about to arrive.(公交车即将到站。)
2、 过去时(表示“过去正要做”):
was/were about to do
例:
She was about to open the door when the bell rang.(她正要开门,门铃响了。)
We were about to start the meeting when the power went out.(我们正要开会,断电了。)
3、 被动形式(表示“即将被做”):
be about to be done
例:
The new movie is about to be released.(这部新电影即将上映。)
The document was about to be signed when we found a mistake.(文件正要签字时,我们发现了错误。)
1、 ❌ 不与“具体将来时间状语”连用
“be about to do”本身已强调“即刻发生”,因此不能加tomorrow、next week、in a month等具体时间点/段(这些需用“be going to do”或“will do”)。
✖ 错误:He is about to leave next Friday.
✔ 正确:He is going to leave next Friday.(他计划下周五离开。)
2、 ✅ 常与“when从句”搭配(经典场景)
过去时常与“when + 一般过去时”连用,表达“正要做某事时,突然发生另一件事”(高频考点!)。
结构:sb. was/were about to do sth. when sth. happened.
例:
I was about to take a nap when my phone rang.(我正要打盹,电话响了。)
They were about to cross the street when a car rushed by.(他们正要过马路,一辆车冲了过来。)
3、 🔍 加“just”加强语气
可在“about”前加“just”(just about to do),表示“刚要做/正要做”,进一步强调动作的即时性。
例:
I'm just about to send the message.(我正要发这条消息。)
He was just about to leave when his friend showed up.(他刚要走,朋友就到了。)
为避免混淆,对比“be about to do”与另外两种常见将来表达:
结构 | 核心含义 | 用法特点 | 例句 |
---|---|---|---|
be about to do | 即将/正要做(极短时间内) | 无计划,强调“即时性”;常与when连用 | She is about to fall.(她马上要摔倒了。) |
be going to do | 打算/计划做;有迹象要做 | 有主观计划或明显迹象;可接具体时间 | I'm going to visit my grandma next week.(我计划下周看奶奶。) |
will do | 意愿/预测;临时决定 | 表意愿、承诺或对未来的预测;多为临时决定 | I will help you with your homework.(我会帮你做作业。) |
“be about to do”的关键是“即时性”——动作几乎“下一秒就发生”。记住三个要点:
不接具体将来时间;
过去时常与when搭配(正要做…突然…);
强调“马上、正要”。
通过例句练习(如模仿“正要出门突然下雨”“正要说话突然被打断”的场景),就能快速掌握它的用法啦!