"back and forth" 是副词短语,表示“来回地;反复地;来来回回”,强调动作或状态在两个点之间循环往返,或观点、讨论等的反复切换。
它通常在句中作状语,修饰动词(或动词短语),说明动作的方式或状态。常见搭配的动词包括:表示“移动”的动词(walk, pace, go, move, swing等)、表示“交流/讨论”的动词(discuss, debate, argue等),或表示“操作”的动词(rock, shake等)。
1、 描述“来回移动”(最常见用法):
He paced back and forth in the waiting room while waiting for his doctor.
(他在候诊室里来回踱步,等着看医生。)
The children ran back and forth between the house and the garden.
(孩子们在房子和花园之间跑来跑去。)
The pendulum of the clock swings back and forth steadily.
(时钟的钟摆稳稳地来回摆动。)
2、 描述“反复讨论/争论”:
We went back and forth on the issue for hours before reaching a decision.
(我们就这个问题反复讨论了几个小时才做出决定。)
The couple argued back and forth about who should do the dishes.
(夫妻俩为谁该洗碗反复争执。)
3、 描述“来回操作/晃动”:
She rocked the baby back and forth to calm him down.
(她来回摇晃宝宝,让他安静下来。)
The teacher moved back and forth across the classroom while lecturing.
(老师讲课时在教室里来回走动。)
"back and forth" 是副词短语,不能直接修饰名词(如需修饰名词,需用介词短语,如“a back-and-forth discussion”(反复的讨论),此时“back-and-forth”是复合形容词)。
同义词:to and fro(更书面,较少用);backwards and forwards(更强调“前后”方向,与“back and forth”几乎通用)。
总结:"back and forth" 是表达“往返、反复”的常用短语,只要动作或状态涉及“两点之间循环”,都可以用它来描述~