英语短语 "bump against" 的核心含义是“(人或物体)意外碰撞到(静止的硬表面/物体)”,强调碰撞的动作具有“对抗性”(against 表示接触的对象是“阻碍物”),可用于物理碰撞或抽象的“遇到障碍”。
"bump" 本身是“碰撞、撞击”,"against" 补充碰撞的对象(通常是静止、坚硬的物体/表面),整体表示“主动或意外地撞到某样东西”。
主语通常是人、动物或移动的物体,宾语是墙、柱子、桌子、货架等静止的硬对象。
She wasn’t looking where she was going and bumped against the doorframe.(她没看路,撞到了门框。)
The cyclist bumped against a parked car and fell off his bike.(骑自行车的人撞到了一辆停着的车,摔了下来。)
I was carrying a pile of books and bumped against the edge of the table.(我抱着一堆书,撞到了桌子边。)
用物理碰撞的意象比喻“遇到阻碍”,宾语多为问题、限制、挑战等抽象概念。
The new policy bumped against strong opposition from local businesses.(新政策遭到了当地企业的强烈反对。)
When writing the essay, I bumped against a lack of reliable sources.(写论文时,我遇到了可靠资料不足的问题。)
Startups often bump against financial constraints in their first year.(初创公司在第一年常遇到资金限制。)
"bump into":更常用的含义是“偶遇(某人)”(= run into),或偶尔指撞到移动的物体;
I bumped into my high school friend at the supermarket.(我在超市偶遇了高中朋友。)
The dog bumped into a rolling ball.(狗撞到了一个滚动的球。)
"bump against":仅用于撞到静止的硬物体或抽象障碍,不用于“偶遇某人”。
宾语需是静止、有硬度的对象(如 wall, lamppost, shelf),不能是“人”或“移动的东西”;
主动语态更常见(主语直接执行碰撞动作),被动语态较少用(如 The ball was bumped against the wall.)。
总结:"bump against" 是描述“物理碰撞静止硬物”或“抽象遇阻”的实用短语,关键是抓住“静止、硬”的对象特征,避免与“偶遇”的 "bump into" 混淆。