“less than”是英语中常用的介词短语或比较结构组成部分,核心含义围绕“数量/程度上的‘少于、不足’”,具体用法可分为以下几类:
最常见的意思是“少于;不到;比……少”,用于描述数量、时间、程度等的下限。
后接具体数字、百分比、数量单位等,强调“未达到某一数值”。
The concert lasted less than two hours.(音乐会持续了不到两小时。)
Less than 30% of the students passed the exam.(不到30%的学生通过了考试。)
I have less than $5 in my wallet.(我钱包里不到5美元。)
后接可数名词复数或不可数名词(注意:传统语法中“less”用于不可数,“fewer”用于可数,但口语/非正式场合“less than”也可接可数复数,如“less than five people”是常见用法)。
We need less than three cups of sugar for the cake.(做蛋糕需要不到三杯糖。)
Less than 10 guests came to the party.(不到10位客人来参加派对。)
用于否定程度,强调“达不到某一标准”,常译为“不太……;远非……”。
The hotel’s service was less than satisfactory.(酒店的服务不太令人满意。)
His explanation was less than clear.(他的解释不够清楚。)
She sang less than beautifully.(她唱得不够好听。)
这是比较级的核心用法,有两种常见含义:
含义1:“比……少;不如……”(比较数量/程度的差异)
He is less tall than his brother.(他比他哥哥矮。)
This book is less interesting than that one.(这本书不如那本有趣。)
含义2:“与其说……不如说……”(强调更接近后者的属性)
She is less a teacher than a friend to us.(对我们来说,她与其说是老师,不如说是朋友。)
This is less a problem than an opportunity.(与其说这是问题,不如说这是机会。)
“no less than”:表示“多达;不少于”(强调数量多,与“less than”相反),如:No less than 500 people attended the meeting.(多达500人参加了会议。)
“little less than”:表示“几乎;差不多”,如:It’s little less than a miracle.(这几乎是个奇迹。)
“less than”的核心是“低于、不足”,可灵活搭配数字、名词、形容词等;而“less...than...”则用于比较,既可以比“数量/程度”,也可以比“属性倾向”。掌握这些用法,就能准确理解和使用这个短语啦!