它强调“用心去记、彻底记住”的过程,通常用于需要准确、完整回忆的内容(如诗歌、台词、公式、规则等)。
通常遵循 “learn + 具体内容(名词/代词) + by heart” 的结构,表示“把…牢记/背诵下来”。
具体内容可以是名词(如 poem、words、script)、代词(如 it、them)或名词短语(如 the key points、the multiplication table)。
学习场景(背单词、课文、公式):
Please learn these 20 new words by heart before the quiz tomorrow.(请在明天小测前把这20个新单词背下来。)
I need to learn the math formula by heart—otherwise I’ll fail the exam.(我得把这个数学公式背下来,不然考试会挂。)
文艺/表演场景(背台词、歌词):
She learned the entire play script by heart in just two days.(她只用两天就把整个剧本背下来了。)
The kids learned the song by heart and sang it at the party.(孩子们把歌背下来,在派对上唱了起来。)
日常场景(记规则、地址):
You should learn the traffic rules by heart to stay safe.(你得把交通规则牢记于心才能安全。)
He learned his grandma’s address by heart so he wouldn’t get lost.(他把奶奶的地址背下来,以免迷路。)
"learn by heart" 的结果状态常用 "know by heart" 表示,意为“已经牢记、烂熟于心”:
I still know that poem by heart—my teacher made us learn it when I was 8.(那首诗我至今烂熟于心——我8岁时老师让我们背的。)
She knows all the lyrics of her favorite singer by heart.(她把偶像的所有歌词都背下来了。)
同义表达:
memorize(更正式,强调“记忆行为”):Memorize this passage for the presentation.(为演讲记住这段文字。)
commit to memory(更书面,强调“刻意牢记”):Commit the new vocabulary to memory.(把新词汇牢记。)
注意:
"learn by heart" 一般不接抽象概念(如“快乐”“勇气”),只用于具体、可量化的内容(需要准确回忆的信息)。
"learn by heart" 是“背诵、牢记”的口语化表达,核心是“准确记住具体内容”,常见于学习、表演或日常需要“凭记忆调用信息”的场景。掌握它的结构(learn + 内容 + by heart)和延伸用法(know by heart),就能灵活运用啦!