“in a state of”是一个常用的英语介词短语,核心含义是“处于…的状态”,用于具体描述人、物或局势所处的特定状态(可以是情绪、物理状态、心理状态、局势等)。
“in a state of”后接名词或名词短语(不能接形容词),整体作为介词短语,在句中主要作表语(说明主语的状态)或定语(修饰名词)。
根据后接名词的类型,可分为以下几类常见搭配:
描述人的情绪或心理状态(多为暂时的、主观的状态)。
in a state of shock 处于震惊状态
After the car accident, she was in a state of shock and couldn’t speak.(车祸后,她处于震惊状态,说不出话。)
in a state of panic 处于恐慌状态
The crowd fell into a state of panic when the fire alarm went off.(火警响起时,人群陷入恐慌。)
in a state of confusion 处于困惑状态
The new policy left many people in a state of confusion.(新政策让很多人困惑不已。)
in a state of denial 处于否认状态
He’s still in a state of denial about his failure.(他仍对自己的失败持否认态度。)
描述物体或环境的物理状态(多为客观的、可见的状态)。
in a state of disrepair 处于失修状态
The old church is in a state of disrepair—its roof is leaking.(那座老教堂年久失修,屋顶在漏水。)
in a state of ruin 处于废墟状态
The ancient city now lies in a state of ruin.(这座古城如今成了一片废墟。)
in a state of chaos 处于混乱状态
The classroom was in a state of chaos after the teacher left.(老师离开后,教室乱作一团。)
描述社会、国家或事件的整体局势(多为宏观的、持续的状态)。
in a state of emergency 处于紧急状态
The government declared the country in a state of emergency due to the flood.(因洪水,政府宣布全国进入紧急状态。)
in a state of war 处于战争状态
The two countries have been in a state of war for decades.(这两个国家已处于战争状态数十年。)
in a state of flux 处于不断变化的状态
The company’s future is in a state of flux—nothing is certain yet.(公司的未来处于变动中,一切都不确定。)
不能接形容词:需将形容词转化为名词(如 happy→happiness,angry→anger)。
❌ 错误:in a state of happy
✅ 正确:in a state of happiness(处于幸福状态)
与“in a state”的区别:
“in a state”是简化版,意为“处于混乱/紧张/不安的状态”(强调状态的负面或无序),不需要接名词;而“in a state of”是具体说明状态的类型,必须接名词。
She’s in a state about the exam.(她因考试而焦虑不安。)
She’s in a state of anxiety about the exam.(她因考试处于焦虑状态。)
“in a state of”是连接“状态描述”的桥梁,通过接不同的名词,精准表达“处于某一种具体状态”。掌握它的关键是记住后接名词,并结合上下文选择合适的搭配。