英语短语"mean to"核心含义是"打算/意图做某事",通常后接动词原形(即"mean to do sth."结构),侧重表达主语的主观计划或意愿;其否定形式("don't/ didn't mean to do sth.")则常用来表示"不是故意做某事"(用于道歉或解释)。
"mean to"的核心是"意图、打算",强调主语有明确的计划或目的去做某件事。
结构:主语 + mean(s) to do sth.
(主语为第三人称单数时用"means",过去时用"meant")
例句:I mean to finish this report by Friday.(我打算周五前完成这份报告。)
She means to start her own business next year.(她计划明年自己创业。)
He meant to call you last night, but his phone died.(他昨晚打算给你打电话,但手机没电了。)(过去时,表示"过去的意图")
结构:主语 + don't/ doesn't/ didn't mean to do sth.
(否定当前的意图用"don't/doesn't",否定过去的意图用"didn't")
例句:I didn't mean to hurt your feelings.(我不是故意伤害你感情的。)(道歉时常用)
She doesn't mean to be rude—she's just shy.(她不是故意无礼的,她只是害羞。)
They didn't mean to miss the meeting; the traffic was terrible.(他们不是故意错过会议的,交通太堵了。)
结构:Do/Does/Did + 主语 + mean to do sth.?
例句:Do you mean to go to the party alone?(你打算一个人去派对吗?)
Did he mean to say that in front of everyone?(他是故意在大家面前说那种话的吗?)
需注意"mean"后接不定式(to do)和动名词(doing)的区别:
mean to do sth.:打算/意图做某事(主观意愿);
mean doing sth.:意味着做某事(客观结果)。
对比例句:I mean to study abroad next year.(我打算明年出国深造。)(主观计划)
Studying abroad means leaving your family for a long time.(出国深造意味着要长时间离开家人。)(客观结果)
虽然不是"mean to"的主动结构,但常被混淆,需单独说明:
be meant to do sth.:表示"应该/理应做某事"(强调外界的期望或事物的用途); be meant for sb./sth.:表示"为...设计/打算"。 例句:This medicine is meant to be taken three times a day.(这种药应该一天吃三次。)
The gift is meant for your birthday.(这份礼物是为你生日准备的。)
"mean to"的核心是主观意图,关键搭配是"mean to do sth.",否定形式用于解释"非故意",疑问句用于询问意图。区分好"mean to do"(打算)和"mean doing"(意味着),就能准确使用啦!