“refer to”是英语中高频且多义的动词短语,核心逻辑是“将注意力/关联指向某人/某事”,具体含义需结合语境判断。以下是详细解析:
根据语境,“refer to”主要有4种常用义:
用于说明某个词、短语、符号或表述所指代的对象,是最常见的义项之一。
The word "cat" refers to a small furry animal.(“cat”这个词指的是一种小型 furry 动物。)
When I said "the team leader," I wasn’t referring to you.(我说“团队负责人”时,不是指你。)
The symbol "∞" refers to infinity in mathematics.(符号“∞”在数学中代表无穷大。)
表示在对话、写作中间接或直接提到某人/某事。
She referred to her childhood in the speech.(她在演讲中提到了自己的童年。)
Don’t refer to his past mistakes—he’s already sorry.(别再提他过去的错误了,他已经很后悔了。)
指向某个信息源(如书籍、字典、文件等)获取信息。
Please refer to page 10 for more details.(请参考第10页获取更多细节。)
If you don’t know the word, refer to a dictionary.(如果你不认识这个词,查字典。)
The report refers to several recent studies on climate change.(这份报告参考了几项近期关于气候变化的研究。)
常与“as”搭配(refer to sb/sth as…),表示对某人/某事的“命名”或“归类”。
We refer to our teacher as "Ms. Lee" instead of her first name.(我们称老师为“李女士”,而不是她的名字。)
In this context, "AI" is referred to as "artificial intelligence."(在这个语境中,“AI”被称为“人工智能”。)
1、 宾语类型:
可接名词/代词(如 refer to him / the book);
可接从句(较少见,如 Could you refer to what he said earlier? 你能提一下他之前说的话吗?)。
2、 被动语态:
常用被动形式“be referred to as…”(被称为…),尤其在正式语境中:
This phenomenon is often referred to as "the butterfly effect."(这种现象常被称为“蝴蝶效应”。)
3、 易混淆结构:
refer sb/sth to sb/sth:表示“将…提交给…;让…求助于…”(注意与“refer to”的区别):
I’ll refer your problem to the customer service department.(我会把你的问题提交给客服部门。)
The doctor referred me to a specialist.(医生让我去看专科医生。)
学术/写作:refer to a paper(参考一篇论文)、refer to previous research(参考先前研究);
日常对话:refer to someone’s idea(提到某人的想法)、refer to a map(查看地图);
解释说明:refer to a term(解释一个术语)、refer to an example(举例子)。
“refer to”的核心是“指向”——指向“所指对象”“提及的内容”“参考的来源”或“称呼的方式”。理解其含义的关键是结合上下文判断“指向的对象”,再匹配对应的中文释义。