“be made up of”是英语中常用的被动语态短语,核心含义是:
结构:主语(表示“整体”的名词/代词) + be动词(根据主语时态/单复数变化) + made up of + 宾语(表示“部分”的名词/代词,可单数/复数)。
逻辑关系:侧重“整体与部分的分解”,即从整体出发,说明其组成成分。
同义词组:可替换为consist of(无被动,主动表被动)或be composed of(更正式)。
The United Kingdom is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
(英国由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰组成。)
This salad is made up of lettuce, tomatoes, cucumber and olive oil.
(这份沙拉由生菜、番茄、黄瓜和橄榄油做成。)
Our school’s curriculum is made up of three parts: core courses, electives and practical training.
(我们学校的课程由三部分组成:核心课、选修课和实践训练。)
The team’s success is made up of hard work, teamwork and a little luck.
(团队的成功由努力、协作和一点运气构成。)
主语单数(整体):The book is made up of 12 chapters.(这本书有12章。)
主语复数(多个整体):These necklaces are made up of different kinds of beads.(这些项链由不同种类的珠子组成。)
要注意和“be made of”“be made from”的差异:
be made of:由……制成(能看出原材料,如The table is made of wood. 桌子是木头做的。)
be made from:由……制成(看不出原材料,如Paper is made from wood. 纸是木头做的。)
be made up of:由……组成(强调“部分构成整体”,而非“原材料制作”)
若要表达“(部分)组成(整体)”,可用make up的主动语态:
Five students make up our group.(五个学生组成了我们的小组。)
= Our group is made up of five students.(我们的小组由五个学生组成。)
简言之,“be made up of”是描述“整体由部分构成”的经典表达,只要抓住“整体→部分”的逻辑,就能准确使用~